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Date: Tue, 07 Nov 2000 17:01:05 +0900
From: OHSAWA Chitoshi <ohsawa@catv1.ccn-net.ne.jp>
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Subject: [man-jp-reviewer 3074] [tcsh]P8
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$BBg_7!w4tIl$G$9!#(B

# $B$U!A!A$&!#(B
tcsh.1 P8 $B=iLu$G$9!#(B
$BD>$7$?$$$H$3$m$,;3$[$I$"$k$s$G$9$,!"(B
$B%-%j$,$J$$$7!"$$$A$*$&!:@Z$N;~4V$K$J$j$^$7$?$+$i!#(B
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
OHSAWA Chitoshi        mailto:ohsawa@catv1.ccn-net.ne.jp
 $BBg_7@iIR(B
--------$B$3$3$+$i:G8e$^$G(B-----------------------
.SH $B4D6-JQ?t(B
.TP 8
.B AFSUSER \fR(+)
\fBafsuser\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBafsuser\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B COLUMNS
$BC<Kv$N7e?t$G$9!#(B(\fBTerminal management\fR $B$r;2>H(B )
.\"The number of columns in the terminal.  See \fBTerminal management\fR.
.TP 8
.B DISPLAY
X Window System $B$K$h$C$F;H$o$l$^$9!#(B(\fIX\fR(1) $B$r;2>H(B )
$B$b$7!"@_Dj$5$l$?>l9g!"%7%'%k$O(B \fBautologout\fR $B$r@_Dj$7$^$;$s!#(B
(\fBautologout\fR $B$r;2>H(B )
.\"Used by X Window System (see \fIX\fR(1)).
.\"If set, the shell does not set \fBautologout\fR (q.v.).
.TP 8
.B EDITOR
$B%G%U%)%k%H$N%(%G%#%?$N%Q%9L>$G$9!#(B
(\fBVISUAL\fR $B4D6-JQ?t$H(B
\fIrun-fg-editor\fR $BJT=8%3%^%s%I$r;2>H(B)
.\"The pathname to a default editor.
.\"See also the \fBVISUAL\fR environment variable
.\"and the \fIrun-fg-editor\fR editor command.
.TP 8
.B GROUP \fR(+)
\fBgroup\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBgroup\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B HOME
\fBhome\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBhome\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B HOST \fR(+)
$B%7%'%k$,<B9T$5$l$F$$$k%^%7%s$NL>A0$G=i4|2=$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O(B \fIgethostname\fR(2) $B$G7hDj$5$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Initialized to the name of the machine on which the shell
.\"is running, as determined by the \fIgethostname\fR(2) system call.
.TP 8
.B HOSTTYPE \fR(+)
$B%7%'%k$,<B9T$5$l$F$$$k%^%7%s$N%?%$%W$G=i4|2=$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K7hDj$5$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$NJQ?t$OGQ;_$5$l$kM=Dj$G$"$j!">-Mh$N%P!<%8%g%s$G:o=|$5$l$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
.\"Initialized to the type of machine on which the shell
.\"is running, as determined at compile time.  This variable is obsolete and
.\"will be removed in a future version.
.TP 8
.B HPATH \fR(+)
\fIrun-help\fR $BJT=8%3%^%s%I$,%3%^%s%I$N2r@bJ8=q$rC5$9(B
$B%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%3%m%s$G6h@Z$C$FJB$Y$?%j%9%H$G$9!#(B
.\"A colon-separated list of directories in which the \fIrun-help\fR editor
.\"command looks for command documentation.
.TP 8
.B LANG
$BM%@hE*$K;HMQ$5$l$kJ8;z4D6-$rM?$($^$9!#(B
(\fBNative Language System support\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Gives the preferred character environment.
.\"See \fBNative Language System support\fR.
.TP 8
.B LC_CTYPE
$B$b$7!"@_Dj$5$l$F$$$l$P(B ctype $B%-%c%i%/%?$N07$$$@$1$,JQ99$5$l$^$9!#(B
(\fBNative Language System support\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"If set, only ctype character handling is changed.
.\"See \fBNative Language System support\fR.
.TP 8
.B LINES
$BC<Kv$N9T?t$G$9!#(B(\fBTerminal management\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.TP 8
.B LS_COLORS
$B$3$NJQ?t$N%U%)!<%^%C%H$O(B \fBtermcap(5)\fR $B%U%!%$%k$N%U%)!<%^%C%H$H(B
$B;w$F$$$^$9!#(B"\fIxx=string\fR" $B$N7A$r$7$?<0$r%3%m%s$G6h@Z$C$FJB$Y$?(B
$B%j%9%H$G$9!#(B"\fIxx\fR" $B$O(B 2 $BJ8;z$NJQ?tL>$G$9!#(B
$B%G%U%)%k%H$G4XO"$E$1$i$l$F$$$kJQ?t$O0J2<$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
.\"The format of this variable is reminiscent of the \fBtermcap(5)\fR
.\"file format; a colon-separated list of expressions of the form
.\""\fIxx=string\fR", where "\fIxx\fR" is a two-character variable name.  The
.\"variables with their associated defaults are:
.PP
.RS +8
.RS +4
.PD 0
.TP 12
no	0
Normal (non-filename) text: $B%U%!%$%kL>$r=|$/DL>o$N%F%-%9%H(B
.TP 12
fi	0
Regular file: $BDL>o$N%U%!%$%k(B
.TP 12
di	01;34
Directory: $B%G%#%l%/%H%j(B
.TP 12
ln	01;36
Symbolic link: $B%7%s%\%j%C%/%j%s%/(B
.TP 12
pi	33
Named pipe (FIFO): $BL>A0IU$-%Q%$%W(B
.TP 12
so	01;35
Socket: $B%=%1%C%H(B
.TP 12
bd	01;33
Block device: $B%V%m%C%/7?%G%P%$%9(B
.TP 12
cd	01;32
Character device: $BJ8;z7?(B
.TP 12
ex	01;32
Executable file: $B<B9T2DG=%U%!%$%k(B
.TP 12
mi	(none)
Missing file (defaults to fi): $B9TJ}ITL@$N%U%!%$%k(B
.TP 12
or	(none)
Orphaned symbolic link (defaults to ln): $B%j%s%/@h$N$J$$%7%s%\%j%C%/%j%s%/(B
.TP 12
lc	^[[
Left code: $B?';XDj%7!<%1%s%93+;O%3!<%I(B
.TP 12
rc	m
Right code: $B?';XDj%7!<%1%s%9=*N;%3!<%I(B
.TP 12
ec	(none)
End code (replaces lc+no+rc): $B?'=PNO$r=*$($k%7!<%1%s%9(B
.PD
.RE
.PP
$B%G%U%)%k%H$+$iJQ99$7$?$$JQ?t$@$1$r$$$l$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
.\"You need to include only the variables you want to change from
.\"the default.
.PP
$B%U%!%$%kL>$O%U%!%$%kL>$N3HD%;R$r4pAC$K$7$F?'$E$1$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
.\"File names can also be colorized based on filename extension.
$B$3$l$O!"(B\fB"*ext=string"\fR $B$N%7%s%?%C%/%9$G;H$o$l$k(B
\fBLS_COLORS\fR $BJQ?t$G$O$C$-$j$H;XDj$5$l$^$9!#(B
$BNc$($P!"(BISO 6429 $B$N%3!<%I$r;H$$$9$Y$F$N(B C $B8@8l$N%=!<%9%U%!%$%k$r(B
$B%V%k!<$K?'$E$1$9$k$K$O(B \fB"*.c=34"\fR $B$H;XDj$9$l$P$h$$$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B$3$l$O(B \fB.c\fR $B$G=*$o$k$9$Y$F$N%U%!%$%k$r%V%k!<(B (34) $B$K?'$E$1$7$^$9!#(B
.\"This is specified in the \fBLS_COLORS\fR variable using the syntax
.\"\fB"*ext=string"\fR.  For example, using ISO 6429 codes, to color
.\"all C\-language source files blue you would specify \fB"*.c=34"\fR.
.\"This would color all files ending in \fB.c\fR in blue (34) color.
.PP
$B%3%s%H%m!<%k%-%c%i%/%?$O(B C $B%9%?%$%k$N%(%9%1!<%WI=5-$+(B stty $B$N$h$&$J(B
^\- $BI=5-$N$I$A$i$+$G=q$/$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(BC $B%9%?%$%k$NI=5-$G$O(B
$B%(%9%1!<%W%3!<%I$N5-=R$K(B \fB^[\fR, $B%9%Z!<%9%3!<%I$N5-=R$K(B
\fB\_\fR, $B%G%j!<%H%3!<%I$N5-=R$K(B \fB?\fR $B$rDI2C$7$^$9!#(B
$B$5$i$K!"(B\fB^[\fR $B%(%9%1!<%W%-%c%i%/%?$O(B \fB^[\f, R\fB^\fR, 
\fB:\fR, \fB=\fR $B$N%G%U%)%k%H$N2r<a$rL58z$K$9$k$?$a$K(B
$B;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
.\"Control characters can be written either in C\-style\-escaped
.\"notation, or in stty\-like ^\-notation.  The C\-style notation
.\"adds \fB^[\fR for Escape, \fB\_\fR for a normal space character,
.\"and \fB?\fR for Delete.  In addition, the \fB^[\fR escape character
.\"can be used to override the default interpretation of \fB^[\fR,
.\"\fB^\fR, \fB:\fR and \fB=\fR.
.PP
$B$=$l$>$l$N%U%!%$%k$O(B \fB<lc>\fR \fB<color-code>\fR
\fB<rc>\fR \fB<filename>\fR \fB<ec>\fR $B$N$h$&$K=q$+$l$^$9!#(B
\fB<ec>\fR $B$,L$Dj5A$J$i$P!"(B\fB<lc>\fR \fB<no> \fB<rc>\fR 
$B$N%7!<%1%s%9$,Be$o$j$K;H$o$l$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B$3$l$O9-$/JXMx$K;H$o$l$F$$$^$9$,!"0lHLE*$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
left, right, end $B$N%3!<%I$OF1$8ItJ,$K=E$MBG$A$7$?$j!"(B
$B$b$&0lEYBG$C$?$j!"7R$,$C$F$$$kC<Kv$r%5%]!<%H$5$l$F$$$J$/$F$b!"(B
$BDs6!$5$l$^$9!#$b$7JL$N%7%9%F%`$G(B ISO 6429 $B%+%i!<%7!<%1%s%9$r(B
$B;H$C$F$$$J$/$F$b!">/$7$bJQ99$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
.\"Each file will be written as \fB<lc>\fR \fB<color-code>\fR
.\"\fB<rc>\fR \fB<filename>\fR \fB<ec>\fR.  If the \fB<ec>\fR
.\"code is undefined, the sequence \fB<lc>\fR \fB<no>
.\"\fB<rc>\fR will be used instead.  This is generally more convenient
.\"to use, but less general.  The left, right and end codes are
.\"provided so you don't have to type common parts over and over
.\"again and to support weird terminals; you will generally not
.\"need to change them at all unless your terminal does not use
.\"ISO 6429 color sequences but a different system.
.PP
$BC<Kv$,(B ISO 6429 color $B%3!<%I$r;H$C$F$$$k$J$i$P!"(B(\fBlc\fR, \fBrc\fR ,
\fBec\fR $B%3!<%I$rA4$/;H$o$J$$$G(B) $B%;%_%3%m%s$G6h@Z$i$l$??t;z$N%3%^%s%I$G(B
$B%?%$%W%3!<%I$r9=@.$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B6&DL$N%3%^%s%I$O0J2<$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
.\"If your terminal does use ISO 6429 color codes, you can
.\"compose the type codes (i.e., all except the \fBlc\fR, \fBrc\fR,
.\"and \fBec\fR codes) from numerical commands separated by semicolons.  The
.\"most common commands are:
.PP
.RS +8
.PD 0
.TP 4
0
$B%G%U%)%k%H$N?'$KLa$7$^$9!#(B
.\"to restore default color
.TP 4
1
$B9b51EY?'(B
.\"for brighter colors
.TP 4
4
$B%"%s%@!<%i%$%sIU$-%F%-%9%H(B
.\"for underlined text
.TP 4
5
$BE@LG%F%-%9%H(B
.\"for flashing text
.TP 4
30
$BA07J?'9u(B
.\"for black foreground
.TP 4
31
$BA07J?'@V(B
.\"for red foreground
.TP 4
32
$BA07J?'%0%j!<%s(B
.\"for green foreground
.TP 4
33
$BA07J?'2+(B ($B%V%i%&%s(B)
.\"for yellow (or brown) foreground
.TP 4
34
$BA07J?'%V%k!<(B
.\"for blue foreground
.TP 4
35
$BA07J?';g(B
.\"for purple foreground
.TP 4
36
$BA07J?'%7%"%s(B
.\"for cyan foreground
.TP 4
37
$BA07J?'Gr(B ($B%0%l!<(B)
.\"for white (or gray) foreground
.TP 4
40
$BGX7J?'9u(B
.\"for black background
.TP 4
41
$BGX7J?'@V(B
.\"for red background
.TP 4
42
$BGX7J?'%0%j!<%s(B
.\"for green background
.TP 4
43
$BGX7J?'2+(B ($B%V%i%&%s(B)
.\"for yellow (or brown) background
.TP 4
44
$BGX7J?'%V%k!<(B
.\"for blue background
.TP 4
45
$BGX7J?';g(B
.\"for purple background
.TP 4
46
$BGX7J?'%7%"%s(B
.\"for cyan background
.TP 4
47
$BGX7J?'Gr(B ($B%0%l!<(B)
.\"for white (or gray) background
.PD
.RE
.PP
$B$9$Y$F$N%3%^%s%I$,$9$Y$F$N%7%9%F%`$dI=<(AuCV$G(B
$BF0:n$9$k$o$1$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
.\"Not all commands will work on all systems or display devices.
.PP
$B>/$J$+$i$LC<Kv%W%m%0%i%`$G$O%G%U%)%k%H$N=*N;%3!<%I$r@5$7$/(B
$BG'<1$7$^$;$s!#%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%j%9%H$r$7$?8e$G$9$Y$F$N%F%-%9%H$K(B
$B?'$rIU$1$k$?$a$K$O!"(B\fBno\fR and \fBfi\fR $B%3!<%I$r(B 0 $B$+$iA07J?'!"(B
$BGX7J?'$N?tCM%3!<%I$XJQ99$r;n$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
.\"A few terminal programs do not recognize the default end code
.\"properly.  If all text gets colorized after you do a directory
.\"listing, try changing the \fBno\fR and \fBfi\fR codes from 0 to the
.\"numerical codes for your standard fore- and background colors.
.RE
.TP 8
.B MACHTYPE \fR(+)
$B%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K7hDj$5$l$?%^%7%s%?%$%W(B ($B%^%$%/%m%W%m%;%C%5$^$?$O!"(B
$B%^%7%s%b%G%k(B) $B$G$9!#(B
.\"The machine type (microprocessor class or machine model), 
.\"as determined at compile time.
.TP 8
.B NOREBIND \fR(+)
$B@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$O!"0u:~2DG=J8;z$O(B \fIself-insert-command\fR $B$r(B
$B7+$jJV$7<B9T$5$l$^$;$s!#(B(\fBNative Language System support\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"If set, printable characters are not rebound to \fIself-insert-command\fR.
.\"See \fBNative Language System support\fR.
.TP 8
.B OSTYPE \fR(+)
$B%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K7hDj$5$l$?%*%Z%l!<%7%g%s%7%9%F%`$G$9!#(B
.\"The operating system, as determined at compile time.
.TP 8
.B PATH
$B<B9T2DG=%U%!%$%k$rC5$9%G%#%l%/%H%j$N%3%m%s%;%Q%l!<%H7A<0$N%j%9%H!#(B
$B%7%'%kJQ?t$N(B \fBpath\fR $B$K$h$/;w$F$$$^$9$,%U%)!<%^%C%H$K0c$$$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
.\"A colon-separated list of directories in which to look for executables.
.\"Equivalent to the \fBpath\fR shell variable, but in a different format.
.TP 8
.B PWD \fR(+)
\fBcwd\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$K;w$F$$$^$9$,!"%7%'%kJQ?t$H$OF14|$7$F$$$^$;$s!#(B
$B<B:]$N%G%#%l%/%H%jJQ99$,9T$o$l$?$"$H$@$1$K%"%C%W%G!<%H$5$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBcwd\fR shell variable, but not synchronized to it;
.\"updated only after an actual directory change.
.TP 8
.B REMOTEHOST \fR(+)
$B%j%b!<%H$+$i$N%m%0%$%s$G%7%'%k$,7hDj$G$-$k>l9g$O%f!<%6$,$I$N%[%9%H$+$i(B
$B%m%0%$%s$7$F$$$k$+$r<($7$^$9!#(B
$B%7%'%k$O$=$N$h$&$K%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$@$1$K@_Dj$5$l$^$9!#(B
(\fBversion\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$r;2>H(B) 
.\"The host from which the user has logged in remotely, if this is the case and
.\"the shell is able to determine it.  Set only if the shell was so compiled;
.\"see the \fBversion\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B SHLVL \fR(+)
\fBshlvl\fR $B$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBshlvl\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B SYSTYPE \fR(+)
$B8=:_$N%7%9%F%`%?%$%W$G$9!#(B ($B%I%a%$%s(B / OS $B$N$_(B)
.\"The current system type.  (Domain/OS only)
.TP 8
.B TERM
\fBterm\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
Equivalent to the \fBterm\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B TERMCAP
$BC<Kv$N%1!<%Q%S%j%F%#J8;zNs$G$9!#(B
(\fBTerminal management\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"The terminal capability string.  See \fBTerminal management\fR.
.TP 8
.B USER
\fBuser\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$HF1$8$G$9!#(B
.\"Equivalent to the \fBuser\fR shell variable.
.TP 8
.B VENDOR \fR(+)
$B%3%s%Q%$%k;~$K7hDj$5$l$?%Y%s%@L>$G$9!#(B
.\"The vendor, as determined at compile time.
.TP 8
.B VISUAL
$B%G%U%)%k%H$N%U%k%9%/%j!<%s%(%G%#%?$X$N%Q%9L>$G$9!#(B
(\fBEDITOR\fR $B4D6-JQ?t$H(B \fIrun-fg-editor\fR $BJT=8%3%^%s%I$r;2>H(B)
.\"The pathname to a default full-screen editor.
.\"See also the \fBEDITOR\fR environment variable
.\"and the \fIrun-fg-editor\fR editor command.
.\".SH FILES
.SH $B4XO"%U%!%$%k(B
.PD 0
.TP 16
.I /etc/csh.cshrc
$B$9$Y$F$N%7%'%k$G:G=i$KFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
ConvexOS, Stellix $B$H(B Intel $B$G$O(B \fI/etc/cshrc\fR $B$,;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
NeXTs  \fI/etc/cshrc.std\fR $B$,;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX $B$G$O(B \fIcsh\fR(1) $B$H$O0c$C$F!"(B
$B>o$K(B \fItcsh\fR $B$NCf$N$3$N%U%!%$%k$,FI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
Solaris 2.x $B$G$b!"$=$l$r;}$A$^$;$s$,!"(B\fItcsh\fR $B$O(B
\fI/etc/.cshrc\fR $B$rFI$_9~$_$^$9!#(B(+)
.\"Read first by every shell.
.\"ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/cshrc\fR and
.\"NeXTs use \fI/etc/cshrc.std\fR.
.\"A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX have no equivalent in \fIcsh\fR(1),
.\"but read this file in \fItcsh\fR anyway.
.\"Solaris 2.x does not have it either, but \fItcsh\fR reads \fI/etc/.cshrc\fR.  (+)
.TP 16
.I /etc/csh.login
\fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR $B$N8e$K%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$FFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel $B$G$O!"(B\fI/etc/login\fR $B$r;H$$$^$9!#(B
NeXTs $B$G$O(B \fI/etc/login.std\fR $B$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
Solaris 2.x $B$G$O(B \fI/etc/.login\fR $B$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
A/UX, AMIX, Cray, IRIX $B$G$O(B \fI/etc/cshrc\fR $B$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
.\"Read by login shells after \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR.
.\"ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/login\fR,
.\"NeXTs use \fI/etc/login.std\fR, Solaris 2.x uses \fI/etc/.login\fR and
.\"A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX use \fI/etc/cshrc\fR.
.TP 16
.I ~/.tcshrc \fR(+)
\fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR $B$+$=$NAjEv%U%!%$%k$N8e$K$9$Y$F$N%7%'%k$GFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Read by every shell after \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR or its equivalent.
.TP 16
.I ~/.cshrc
$B$b$7!"(B\fI~/.tcshrc\fR $B$,B8:_$7$J$1$l$P(B \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR $B$,(B
$B$=$NAjEv%U%!%$%k$N8e$K$9$Y$F$N%7%'%k$GFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
$B$3$N%^%K%e%"%k$G$O(B `\fI~/.tcshrc\fR' $B$r(B `\fI~/.tcshrc\fR' $B$+(B
`\fI~/.tcshrc\fR' $B$,8+$D$+$i$J$+$C$?>l9g$O(B \fI~/.cshrc\fR' $B$N(B
$B0UL#$G;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
.\"if \fI~/.tcshrc\fR is not found, \fI~/.cshrc\fR'.
.\"Read by every shell, if \fI~/.tcshrc\fR doesn't exist,
.\"after \fI/etc/csh.cshrc\fR or its equivalent.
.\"This manual uses `\fI~/.tcshrc\fR' to mean `\fI~/.tcshrc\fR or,
.\"if \fI~/.tcshrc\fR is not found, \fI~/.cshrc\fR'.
.TP 16
.I ~/.history
\fI~/.tcshrc\fR $B$N8e$K%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$FFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
\fBsavehist\fR $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$O(B \fBhistfile\fR $B$r;2>H$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
.\"Read by login shells after \fI~/.tcshrc\fR
.\"if \fBsavehist\fR is set, but see also \fBhistfile\fR.
.TP 16
.I ~/.login
\fI~/.tcshrc\fR $B$^$?$O(B \fI~/.history\fR $B$N8e$K%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$F(B
$BFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#%7%'%k$O(B\fI~/.login\fR $B$r(B \fI~/.tcshrc\fR $B$H(B
\fI~/.history\fR $B$N8e$KFI$_9~$`Be$o$j$KA0$KFI$_9~$`$h$&$K(B
$B%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
(\fBversion\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$r;2>H(B)
.\"Read by login shells after \fI~/.tcshrc\fR or \fI~/.history\fR.
.\"The shell may be compiled to read \fI~/.login\fR before instead of after
.\"\fI~/.tcshrc\fR and \fI~/.history\fR; see the \fBversion\fR shell variable.
.TP 16
.I ~/.cshdirs \fR(+)
\fBsavedirs\fR $B$,@_Dj$5$l$F$$$k>l9g$K$O(B \fI~/.login\fR $B$N8e$K(B
$B%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$FFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
(\fBdirsfile\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Read by login shells after \fI~/.login\fR
.\"if \fBsavedirs\fR is set, but see also \fBdirsfile\fR.
.TP 16
.I /etc/csh.logout
$B%m%0%"%&%H;~$K%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$FFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
ConvexOS, Stellix, Intel $B$G$O!"(B \fI/etc/logout\fR $B$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
A/UX, AMIX, Cray, IRIX $B$G$O!"(B\fIcsh\fR(1) $B$H$O0c$$!">/$J$/$H$b(B
\fItcsh\fR $B$K4^$^$l$F$$$k$H9M$($^$9!#(B
Solaris 2.x $B$bF1MM$K(B \fI/etc/logout\fR $B$r;}$C$F$$$^$;$s$,!"(B
\fItcsh\fR $B$O(B \fI/etc/.logout\fR $B$rFI$_9~$_$^$9!#(B (+)
.\"Read by login shells at logout.
.\"ConvexOS, Stellix and Intel use \fI/etc/logout\fR and
.\"NeXTs use \fI/etc/logout.std\fR.
.\"A/UX, AMIX, Cray and IRIX have no equivalent in \fIcsh\fR(1),
.\"but read this file in \fItcsh\fR anyway.
.\"Solaris 2.x does not have it either, but \fItcsh\fR reads \fI/etc/.logout\fR.  (+)
.TP 16
.I ~/.logout
\fI/etc/csh.logout\fR $B$^$?$O$=$NAjEv%U%!%$%k$,<B9T$5$l$?8e$K!"(B
$B%m%0%$%s%7%'%k$K$h$C$FFI$_9~$^$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Read by login shells at logout after \fI/etc/csh.logout\fR or its equivalent.
.TP 16
.I /bin/sh
`#' $B$G;O$^$i$J$$%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$r2r<a<B9T$9$k$?$a$K;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Used to interpret shell scripts not starting with a `#'.
.TP 16
.I /tmp/sh*
`<<' $BMQ0l;~%U%!%$%k$G$9!#(B
.\"Temporary file for `<<'.
.TP 16
.I /etc/passwd
$B%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j$N(B `~name' $B$NCV$-49$($N$b$H$G$9!#(B
.\"Source of home directories for `~name' substitutions.
.PD
.PP
$B%7%'%k$,$=$N$h$&$K%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$F$$$l$P!$%9%?!<%H%"%C%W%U%!%$%k$,(B
$BFI$_9~$l$k=gHV$O0[$J$C$F$$$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
(\fBStartup and shutdown\fR $B$H(B \fBversion\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"The order in which startup files are read may differ if the shell was so
.\"compiled; see \fBStartup and shutdown\fR and the \fBversion\fR shell variable.
.SH "$B?75,5!G=(B (+)"
.\".SH "NEW FEATURES (+)"
$B$3$N%^%K%e%"%k$G$O!"(B\fItcsh\fR $B$r$R$H$D$N<B:_J*$H$7$F5-=R$7$F$-$^$7$?!#(B
\fIcsh\fR(1) $B$N7P83<T$O(B \fItcsh\fR $B$N?7$7$$3F<o5!G=$KFCJL$NCm0U$r(B
$BJ'$&I,MW$,$"$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
.\"This manual describes \fItcsh\fR as a single entity,
.\"but experienced \fIcsh\fR(1) users will want to pay special attention to
.\"\fItcsh\fR's new features.
.PP
$B%3%^%s%I9TJT=8(B: GNU Emacs $B$d(B \fIvi\fR(1)-$B%9%?%$%k$N%-!<%P%$%s%G%#%s%0$r(B
$B%5%]!<%H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
(\fBThe command-line editor\fR $B$H(B \fBEditor commands\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"A command-line editor, which supports GNU Emacs or \fIvi\fR(1)-style
.\"key bindings.  See \fBThe command-line editor\fR and \fBEditor commands\fR.
.PP
$B%W%m%0%i%^%V%k(B: $B%$%s%?%i%/%F%#%V$J%o!<%IJd40$H%j%9%F%#%s%0!#(B
(\fBcompletion and listing\fR $B$H(B \fIcomplete\fR $B$H(B \fIuncomplete\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Programmable, interactive word completion and listing.
.\"See \fBCompletion and listing\fR and the \fIcomplete\fR and \fIuncomplete\fR
.\"builtin commands.
.PP
$B%U%!%$%kL>!"%3%^%s%I!"JQ?tL>$N%9%Z%kD{@5!#(B
(\fBspelling correction\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"\fBSpelling correction\fR (q.v.) of filenames, commands and variables.
.PP
$B%(%G%#%?JT=8%3%^%s%I$O!"%?%$%W$5$l$?%3%^%s%I$NCfES$GB>$NM-MQ$J5!G=$N<B9T$d!"(B
$B%X%k%W%U%!%$%k$r;2>H(B(\fIrun-help\fR)$B$d!"(B
$B4JC1$K%(%G%#%?$r:F5/F0$7$?$j(B (\fIrun-fg-editor\fR)$B!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I2r7h(B (\fIwhich-command\fR)$B$7$?$j$G$G$-$^$9!#(B
.\"(\fBeditor commands\fR $B$r;2>H(B) 
.\"\fBEditor commands\fR (q.v.) which perform other useful functions in the middle of
.\"typed commands, including documentation lookup (\fIrun-help\fR),
.\"quick editor restarting (\fIrun-fg-editor\fR) and
.\"command resolution (\fIwhich-command\fR).
.PP
$B9b@-G=2=$5$l$?%R%9%H%j5!G=!#%R%9%H%j%j%9%H$N%$%Y%s%H$K%?%$%`%9%?%s%W$,(B
$BCe$1$i$l$^$9!#%R%9%H%j(B \fIhistory\fR $B%3%^%s%I$H4XO"$9$k%7%'%kJQ?t!"(B
$B0JA0$KJ8=q2=$5$l$F$$$J$$(B `#' $B%$%Y%s%H5-=R;R$H(B
$B%R%9%H%jCV49$N?7$7$$%b%G%#%U%!%$%d$H(B
\fI*-history\fR, \fIhistory-search-*\fR, \fIi-search-*\fR, \fIvi-search-*\fR,
\fItoggle-literal-history\fR $B$NJT=8%3%^%s%I$H(B \fBhistlit\fR $B$r;2>H$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
.\"An enhanced history mechanism.  Events in the history list are time-stamped.
.\"See also the \fIhistory\fR command and its associated shell variables,
.\"the previously undocumented `#' event specifier and new modifiers
.\"under \fBHistory substitution\fR,
.\"the \fI*-history\fR, \fIhistory-search-*\fR, \fIi-search-*\fR, \fIvi-search-*\fR and
.\"\fItoggle-literal-history\fR editor commands
.\"and the \fBhistlit\fR shell variable.
.PP
$B9b@-G=2=$5$l$?%G%#%l%/%H%j2r<a(B (parsing)$B$H%G%#%l%/%H%j%9%?%C%/A`:n!#(B
\fIcd\fR, \fIpushd\fR, \fIpopd\fR and \fIdirs\fR $B%3%^%s%I$H$=$l$i$K(B
$B4XO"$9$k%7%'%kJQ?t!"%G%#%l%/%H%j%9%?%C%/CV49(B 
(\fBDirectory stack substitution\fR)$B$K4X$9$k5-=R!"(B
\fBdirstack\fR, \fBowd\fR, \fBsymlinks\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t!"(B
\fInormalize-command\fR, \fInormalize-path\fR $BJT=8%3%^%s%I$r;2>H$7$F2<$5$$!#(B
.\"Enhanced directory parsing and directory stack handling.
.\"See the \fIcd\fR, \fIpushd\fR, \fIpopd\fR and \fIdirs\fR commands and their associated
.\"shell variables, the description of \fBDirectory stack substitution\fR,
.\"the \fBdirstack\fR, \fBowd\fR and \fBsymlinks\fR shell variables and
.\"the \fInormalize-command\fR and \fInormalize-path\fR editor commands.
.PP
$B%0%m%V%Q%?!<%s$rBG$A>C$7$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%kL>CV49(B (\fBFilename substitution\ $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Negation in glob-patterns.  See \fBFilename substitution\fR.
.PP
$B?7$7$$%U%!%$%kLd$$9g$o$;1i;;;R(B (\fBFile inquiry operators\fR $B$r;2>H(B)$B$H(B
\fIfiletest\fR $B$,AH$_9~$^$l$^$7$?!#(B
.\"New \fBFile inquiry operators\fR (q.v.) and a \fIfiletest\fR
.\"builtin which uses them.
.PP
$B%9%1!<%8%e!<%j%s%0$5$l$?%$%Y%s%H!"FCJL$J%(%j%"%9!"<+F0%m%0%"%&%H!"(B
$B%?!<%_%J%k%m%C%/!"%m%0%$%s$H%m%0%"%&%H$N4F;k$H%?%$%_%s%0%3%^%s%I$r(B
$B4^$`$5$^$6$^$J(B \fB$B<+F0E*!"<~4|E*!"Dj;~$N%$%Y%s%H(B\fR
(\fBAutomatic, periodic and timed events\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"A variety of \fBAutomatic, periodic and timed events\fR (q.v.) including
.\"scheduled events, special aliases, automatic logout and terminal locking,
.\"command timing and watching for logins and logouts.
.PP
$B8GM-8@8l%7%9%F%`$N%5%]!<%H(B (\fBNative Language System support\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
OS $B8GM-$N3F<o5!G=$N%5%]!<%H(B (\fBOS variant support\fR $B$H(B \fBecho_style\fR 
$B%7%'%kJQ?t$r;2>H(B) $B$H%7%9%F%`0MB8$N%U%!%$%kG[CV(B (\fBFILES\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Support for the Native Language System
.\"(see \fBNative Language System support\fR),
.\"OS variant features
.\"(see \fBOS variant support\fR and the \fBecho_style\fR shell variable)
.\"and system-dependent file locations (see \fBFILES\fR).
.PP
$B>\:Y$J%?!<%_%J%k4IM}G=NO(B (\fBTerminal management\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Extensive terminal-management capabilities.  See \fBTerminal management\fR.
.PP
\fIbuiltins\fR, \fIhup\fR, \fIls\-F\fR,\fInewgrp\fR,
\fIprintenv\fR, \fIwhich\fR,\fIwhere\fR $B$r4^$`?7$7$$AH$_9~$_%3%^%s%I!#(B
.\"New builtin commands including \fIbuiltins\fR, \fIhup\fR, \fIls\-F\fR,
.\"\fInewgrp\fR, \fIprintenv\fR, \fIwhich\fR and \fIwhere\fR (q.v.).
.PP
$B%7%'%k$K4JC1$KLrN)$F$i$l$k>pJs$rMxMQ$G$-$k?7$7$$JQ?t!#(B
\fBgid\fR, \fBloginsh\fR, \fBoid\fR, \fBshlvl\fR, \fBtcsh\fR,
\fBtty\fR, \fBuid\fR and \fBversion\fR $B%7%'%kJQ?t$H(B\fBHOST\fR,
\fBREMOTEHOST\fR, \fBVENDOR\fR, \fBOSTYPE\fR and \fBMACHTYPE\fR $B4D6-JQ?t$r(B
$B;2>H!#(B
.\"New variables that make useful information easily available to the shell.
.\"See the \fBgid\fR, \fBloginsh\fR, \fBoid\fR, \fBshlvl\fR, \fBtcsh\fR,
.\"\fBtty\fR, \fBuid\fR and \fBversion\fR shell variables and the \fBHOST\fR,
.\"\fBREMOTEHOST\fR, \fBVENDOR\fR, \fBOSTYPE\fR and \fBMACHTYPE\fR environment
.\"variables.
.PP
$BM-MQ$J>pJs$r%W%m%s%W%HJ8;zNs$K4^$a$k?7$7$$%7%s%?%C%/%9!#(B
(\fBprompt\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
$B%k!<%W$H%9%Z%kD{@5MQ$NFCJL$J%W%m%s%W%H!#(B
(\fBprompt2\fR $B$H(B \fBprompt3\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"A new syntax for including useful information in the prompt string
.\"(see \fBprompt\fR).
.\"and special prompts for loops and spelling correction
.\"(see \fBprompt2\fR and \fBprompt3\fR).
.PP
$B%j!<%I%*%s%j$NJQ?t!#(B($BJQ?tCV49(B \fBVariable substitution\fR $B$r;2>H(B)
.\"Read-only variables.  See \fBVariable substitution\fR.
.SH $B%P%0(B
.\".SH BUGS
$B%5%9%Z%s%I$5$l$?%3%^%s%I$,(B??$B%j%9%?!<%H(B??$B$5$l$?$H$-$K!"%+%l%s%H%G%#%l%/%H%j$,(B
$B5/F0$5$l$?$H$-$H0c$C$F$$$k>l9g$K$O5/F0;~$N%G%#%l%/%H%j$r0u;z$7$^$9!#(B
$B$3$l$O!"%8%g%V$,FbItE*$K%G%#%l%/%H%j$rJQ992<$+$b$7$l$J$$$?$a$K8m$i$;$i$l$k(B
( $B8@$$BX$($l$P4V0c$&(B)$B$3$H$,$"$jF@$^$9!#(B
.\"When a suspended command is restarted, the shell prints the directory
.\"it started in if this is different from the current directory.  This can
.\"be misleading (i.e., wrong) as the job may have changed directories internally.
.PP
$B%7%'%k$NAH$_9~$_5!G=$ODd;_$H%j%9%?!<%H$G$-$^$;$s!#(B `a ; b ; c' $B$N$h$&$J7A$N(B
$B%3%^%s%INs$,Dd;_$r4k$F$i$l$?;~$K!"M%2m$KA`:n$5$l$J$$!#(B??also?? $B$NLu(B
$B$b$7!"(B`b' $B%3%^%s%I$r%5%9%Z%s%I$5$;$?$H$-!"%7%'%k$OB(:B$K(B `c' $B%3%^%s%I$r(B
$B<B9T$7$F$7$^$$$^$9!#$3$l$O!"(B\fI$B%(%j%"%9(B (alias)\fR $B$G3HD%$7$?7k2L$N(B
$B>l9g$OFC$KCm0U$rI,MW$H$7$^$9!#(B???$B%5%V%7%'%k$K2!$7$D$1$k$3$H$O!"(B
$B3g8L(B "()" $B$NCf$K%3%^%s%INs$rCV$/$?$a$K==J,$G$9!#Nc(B `( a ; b ; c )'???
.\"Shell builtin functions are not stoppable/restartable.  Command sequences
.\"of the form `a ; b ; c' are also not handled gracefully when stopping is
.\"attempted.  If you suspend `b', the shell will then immediately execute
.\"`c'.  This is especially noticeable if this expansion results from an
.\"\fIalias\fR.  It suffices to place the sequence of commands in ()'s to force it
.\"to a subshell, i.e., `( a ; b ; c )'.
.PP
$B%W%m%;%9$,%9%?!<%H$7$?8e$N(B tty $B$K$h$k@)8f$,86;OE*$G$9!#(B
$B$?$V$s!"$3$l$OC/$+$rNI$$%S%8%e%"%kC<Kv%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$r:n$k;E;v$KJ3$$N)$?$;$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B$^$7$F!"%S%8%e%"%kC<Kv%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G!"$5$i$K6=L#$N$"$k$3$H$O=PNO@)8f$D$-$K(B
$B$9$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
.\"Control over tty output after processes are started is primitive; perhaps
.\"this will inspire someone to work on a good virtual terminal interface.
.\"In a virtual terminal interface much more interesting things could be
.\"done with output control.
.PP
$B%(%j%"%9CV49$O%7%'%k<jB3$-$rIT4oMQ$K%^%M$r$9$k$?$a$K$7$P$7$PMQ$$$i$l$^$9!#(B
$B%(%j%"%9$h$j$b$`$7$m%7%'%k<jB3$-$,Ds6!$5$l$^$9!#(B
.\"Alias substitution is most often used to clumsily simulate shell procedures;
.\"shell procedures should be provided rather than aliases.
.PP
$B%k!<%W$NCf$N%3%^%s%I$O!"%R%9%H%j%j%9%H$KDI2C$5$l$^$;$s!#(B
$B@)8f9=B$$OAH$_9~$_%3%^%s%I$N$h$&$KG'<1$5$l$k$H2r<a$5$l$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
$B$3$l$O@)8f%3%^%s%I$I$3$KCV$+$l$h$&$,!"%Q%$%W(B `|' $B$H7k$S$D$1$i$l$h$&$,!"(B
`&' $B$H(B `;' $B$N$h$&$J%a%?%7%s%?%C%/%9$H$$$C$7$g$K;H$o$l$h$&$,!"5v$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
$B!J!)!)!)0UL#$,DL$i$J$$!)!)!)!K(B
.\"Commands within loops are not placed in the history
.\"list.  Control structures should be parsed rather than being recognized as
.\"built-in commands.  This would allow control commands to be placed anywhere,
.\"to be combined with `|', and to be used with `&' and `;' metasyntax.
.PP
\fIforeach\fR $B$O!"(B \fIend\fR $B$rC5$7$F$$$k$H$-(B??$B$3$3(B??$B$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$rL5;k$7$^$;$s!#(B
.\"\fIforeach\fR doesn't ignore here documents when looking for its \fIend\fR.
.PP
`:' $B=$>~;R$r%3%^%s%ICV49$N=PNO$K;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$k$h$&$K$9$k$Y$-$G$9!#(B
.\"It should be possible to use the `:' modifiers on the output of command
.\"substitutions.
.PP
$B%@%`(B (`dumb') $B%?!<%_%J%k$N$h$&$KC<Kv$,%+!<%=%k$r>e$K0\F0$G$-$J$$$h$&$J>l9g!"(B
$B%9%/%j!<%s$NI}$h$jD9$$9T$N%"%C%W%G!<%H$,$?$$$X$sIO<e$G$9!#(B
.\"The screen update for lines longer than the screen width is very poor
.\"if the terminal cannot move the cursor up (i.e., terminal type `dumb').
.PP
\fBHPATH\fR $B$H(B \fBNOREBIND\fR $B$,4D6-JQ?t$rI,MW$H$7$F$$$^$;$s!#(B
.\"\fBHPATH\fR and \fBNOREBIND\fR don't need to be environment variables.
.PP
`?' $B$d(B `*' $B$d(B `[]' $B$r;H$o$J$$$^$?$O!"(B`{}' $B$d(B `~' $B$r;H$&(B
$B%0%m%V%Q%?!<%s$O@5$7$/L58z$K$5$l$^$;$s!#(B
.\"Glob-patterns which do not use `?', `*' or `[]' or which use `{}' or `~'
.\"are not negated correctly.
.PP
\fIif\fR $B$NC10l%3%^%s%I7A<0$G$O!"$?$H$(!"<0$,56$G$"$C$F$b!"(B
$B%3%^%s%I$,<B9T$5$l$J$+$C$?$H$7$F$b!"%j%@%$%l%/%H=PNO$7$^$9!#(B
.\"The single-command form of \fIif\fR does output redirection even if
.\"the expression is false and the command is not executed.
.PP
\fIls\-F\fR $B$O%U%!%$%kL>$r%=!<%H$7$F$$$k$H$-!"%U%!%$%k<1JL%-%c%i%/%?$,4^$_$^$9!#(B
$B%U%!%$%kL>$NCf$N@)8fJ8;z$r@5$7$/07$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
$BCfCG$5$;$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
.\"\fIls\-F\fR includes file identification characters when sorting filenames
.\"and does not handle control characters in filenames well.  It cannot be
.\"interrupted.
.PP
tcsh-bugs@mx.gw.com $B$^$G%P%0%j%]!<%H$rAw$C$F2<$5$$!#(B
$B%P%0%U%#%C%/%9$,$"$k$H$h$jK>$^$7$$$G$9!#(B
$B$b$7!"$"$J$?$,(B tcsh $B$r%a%s%F%J%s%9$H%F%9%H$r<jEA$C$FD:$1$k>l9g!"(B
listserv@mx.gw.com $B$^$GK\J8$K(B "subscribe tcsh <your name>" $B$H0l9T=q$$$?(B
$B%a!<%k$rAw$C$F2<$5$$!#$"$J$?$O$9$Y$F$N%P%0%j%]!<%H$rF@$k$?$a$K(B
"subscribe tcsh-bugs <your name>" $B$G%5%V%9%/%i%$%V$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
$B$^$?!"$9$Y$F$N%Q%C%A%l%Y%k$N:9J,$r2C$($?3+H/%j%9%H$rF@$k$?$a$K(B
"subscribe tcsh-diffs <your name>" $B$G%5%V%9%/%i%$%V$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#(B
.\"Report bugs to tcsh-bugs@mx.gw.com, preferably with fixes.  If you want to
.\"help maintain and test tcsh, send mail to listserv@mx.gw.com with the text
.\"`subscribe tcsh <your name>' on a line by itself in the body.  You can
.\"also `subscribe tcsh-bugs <your name>' to get all bug reports, or
.\"`subscribe tcsh-diffs <your name>' to get the development list plus
.\"diffs for each patchlevel.
.SH tcsh $B$N(B T $B$NM3Mh(B
.SH THE T IN TCSH
1964 $BG/(B DEC $B$O(B PDP-6 $B$r3+H/$7$^$7$?!#(BPDP-10 $B$O$h$jCY$$;~4|$N:F<BAu$G$7$?!#(B
1970 $BG/(B $B$K(B DEC $B$,$=$N%;%+%s%I%b%G%k(B KI10 $B$rH/I=$7$?$H$-$K(B
DECsystem-10 $B$H:FL?L>$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
.\"In 1964, DEC produced the PDP-6.  The PDP-10 was a later re-implementation.  It
.\"was re-christened the DECsystem-10 in 1970 or so when DEC brought out the
.\"second model, the KI10.
.PP
TENEX $B$O(B Bolt, Beranek & Newman (a Cambridge, Massachusetts think tank) $B$G(B
1972 $BG/$K%G%#%^%s%I%Z!<%82>A[5-21%*%Z%l!<%7%g%s%7%9%F%`$N<B83$H$7$FAOB$$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
$BH`$i$O(B DEC PDP-10 $B$h$&$N?7$7$$%Z!<%8%c$r9=C[$7!"$=$l$r;H$C$?(B OS $B$rAOB$$7$^$7$?!#(B
$B$=$l$O3X=QE*$KHs>o$K@.8y$r<}$a$^$7$?!#(B
.\"TENEX was created at Bolt, Beranek & Newman (a Cambridge, Massachusetts
.\"think tank) in
.\"1972 as an experiment in demand-paged virtual memory operating systems.  They
.\"built a new pager for the DEC PDP-10 and created the OS to go with it.  It was
.\"extremely successful in academia.
.PP
1975 $BG/(B DEC  $B$O(B PDP-10 $B$N?7$7$$%b%G%k(B KL10 $B$rH/I=$7$^$7$?!#(B
DEC $B$O(B BBN $B$N%i%$%;%s%9$r<u$1$?(B TENEX $B$N?7$7$$%^%7%sMQ$N%P!<%8%g%s$r:NMQ$9$k(B
$B$D$b$j$G$7$?!#(BDEC $B$O$=$l$i$N%P!<%8%g%s$r(B TOPS-20 $B$H8F$s$G$$$^$7$?!#(B
($BBgJ8;z2=$O>&I8$G$9!K(B
$BB?$/$N(B TOPS-10 ("The OPerating System for PDP-10" $B$NF,J8;z$G$9(B) $B%f!<%6$,(B
$BH?BP$7$^$7$?!#$3$&$7$F(B DEC $B$OF1$8%O!<%I%&%(%"$K$U$?$D$N8_49@-$N$J$$%7%9%F%`$r(B
$B%5%]!<%H$7$J$1$l$P$J$i$J$$$3$H$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
?????--but then there were 6 on the PDP-11!????
.\"In 1975, DEC brought out a new model of the PDP-10, the KL10; they intended to
.\"have only a version of TENEX, which they had licensed from BBN, for the new
.\"box.  They called their version TOPS-20 (their capitalization is trademarked).
.\"A lot of TOPS-10 users (`The OPerating System for PDP-10') objected; thus DEC
.\"found themselves supporting two incompatible systems on the same hardware--but
.\"then there were 6 on the PDP-11!
.PP
TENEX $B$N(B TOPS-20 $B$O%P!<%8%g%s(B 3 $B$^$G$K(B ULTCMD $B$H8F$P$l$k%f!<%6%3!<%I%l%Y%k$N(B
$B%3%^%s%IJd405!G=$r;}$C$F$$$^$7$?!#%P!<%8%g%s(B 3 $B$G(B DEC $B$O(B
COMND% JSYS ("Jump to SYStem" $B%9!<%Q%P%$%6%3!<%k%a%+%K%:%`(B
[??????are my IBM roots also showing?]) $B$K$h$C$F%"%/%;%9$5$l$k(B
$B%b%K%?(B (Unix $B%?%$%W$N%+!<%M%k(B) $B$K$h$jB?$/$NG=NO$rDI2C$9$k5$$K$5$;$^$7$?!#(B 
.\"TENEX, and TOPS-20 to version 3, had command completion
.\"via a user-code-level subroutine library called ULTCMD.  With version 3, DEC
.\"moved all that capability and more into the monitor (`kernel' for you Unix
.\"types), accessed by the COMND% JSYS (`Jump to SYStem' instruction, the
.\"supervisor call mechanism [are my IBM roots also showing?]).
.PP
tcsh $B$N:n<T$?$A$O$3$N5!G=$H(B TENEX $B$H(B TOPS-20 $B0J30$N$$$/$D$+$N$?$a$K(B
$BD'MQ$5$l$^$7$?!#$=$7$F!"$=$l$i$rLOJo$7$?%P!<%8%g%s$r:n@.$7$^$7$?!#(B
.\"The creator of tcsh was impressed by this feature and several others of TENEX
.\"and TOPS-20, and created a version of csh which mimicked them.
.SH $B@)8B(B
.\".SH LIMITATIONS
$BC18l$O(B 1024 $B%P%$%H$h$jD9$/$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
.\"Words can be no longer than 1024 characters.
.PP
$B%7%9%F%`$O0z?tJB$S$r(B 10240 $B%P%$%H$^$G$K@)8B$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
.\"The system limits argument lists to 10240 characters.
.PP
$B%U%!%$%kL>3HD%$r4^$`%3%^%s%I$X$N0z?t$N8D?t$O0z?tJB$S$N5v$5$l$?J8;z?t$N(B
6 $BJ,$N(B 1 $B$K@)8B$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
.\"The number of arguments to a command which involves filename expansion is
.\"limited to 1/6th the number of characters allowed in an argument list.
.PP
$B%3%^%s%ICV49$G$O!"0z?tJB$S$K5v$5$l$?J8;z?t$h$jB?$/$NJ8;z?t$KCV49$G$-$^$;$s!#(B
.\"Command substitutions may substitute no more characters than are allowed in
.\"an argument list.
.PP
$B%7%'%k$O(B looping $B$r8!=P$9$k$?$a$K!"(B\fIalias\fR $BCV49$N2s?t$r(B
1 $B9TEv$?$j(B 20 $B$K@)8B$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
To detect looping, the shell restricts the number of \fIalias\fR
substitutions on a single line to 20.
.SH $B4XO"9`L\(B
csh(1), emacs(1), ls(1), newgrp(1), sh(1), setpath(1), stty(1), su(1),
tset(1), vi(1), x(1), access(2), execve(2), fork(2), killpg(2),
pipe(2), setrlimit(2), sigvec(2), stat(2), umask(2), vfork(2), wait(2),
malloc(3), setlocale(3), tty(4), a.out(5), termcap(5), environ(7),
termio(7), Introduction to the C Shell
??? Introduction to the C Shell $B$OLu$9$Y$-(B ???
.SH $B%P!<%8%g%s(B
.\".SH VERSION
$B$3$N%^%K%e%"%k$O(B tcsh 6.09.01 (Astron) 2000-01-14 $B$K4X$9$k%I%-%e%a%s%H$G$9!#(B
.\"This manual documents tcsh 6.09.01 (Astron) 2000-01-14.
.SH $B:n<T(B
.\".SH AUTHORS
.PD 0
.TP 2
William Joy
\fIcsh\fR(1) $B$N%*%j%8%J%k:n<T(B
.\"Original author of \fIcsh\fR(1)
.TP 2
J.E. Kulp, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria
$B%8%g%V%3%s%H%m!<%k$H%G%#%l%/%H%j%9%?%C%/5!G=(B
.\"Job control and directory stack features
.TP 2
Ken Greer, HP Labs, 1981
$B%U%!%$%kL>Jd40(B
.\"File name completion
.TP 2
Mike Ellis, Fairchild, 1983
$B%3%^%s%IL>G'<1(B / $BJd40(B
.\"Command name recognition/completion
.TP 2
Paul Placeway, Ohio State CIS Dept., 1983-1993
$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%(%G%#%?!"%W%m%s%W%H%k!<%A%s!"?7$7$$@55,I=8=$H$?$/$5$s$N(B
$B=$@5$H%9%T!<%I%"%C%W(B
.\"Command line editor, prompt routines, new glob syntax and numerous fixes
.\"and speedups
.TP 2
Karl Kleinpaste, CCI 1983-4
$BFCJL$J%(%$%j%"%9!"%G%#%l%/%H%j%9%?%C%/Cj=P%9%?%C%U!"(B
$B%m%0%$%s(B / $B%m%0%"%&%H4F;k!"%9%1%8%e!<%k%$%Y%s%H!"(B
$B?7$7$$%W%m%s%W%H7A<0$N%"%$%G%"(B
.\"Special aliases, directory stack extraction stuff, login/logout watch,
.\"scheduled events, and the idea of the new prompt format
.TP 2
Rayan Zachariassen, University of Toronto, 1984
\fIls\-F\fR $B$H(B \fIwhich\fR $B$NAH$_9~$_!"$?$/$5$s$N%P%/=$@5!"%b%G%#%U%!%$!"(B
$B%9%T!<%I%"%C%W(B
.\"\fIls\-F\fR and \fIwhich\fR builtins and numerous bug fixes, modifications
.\"and speedups
.TP 2
Chris Kingsley, Caltech
$B9bB.%9%H%l!<%8%"%m%1!<%?%k!<%A%s(B
.\"Fast storage allocator routines
.TP 2
Chris Grevstad, TRW, 1987
4.3BSD \fIcsh\fR $B$r(B \fItcsh\fR $B$KJ;9g(B
.\"Incorporated 4.3BSD \fIcsh\fR into \fItcsh\fR
.TP 2
Christos S. Zoulas, Cornell U. EE Dept., 1987-94
HPUX, SVR2, SVR3 $B$K0\?"!"(BSysV $BHG(B getwd.c, SHORT_STRINGS $B$r%5%]!<%H!"(B
sh.glob.c $B$N?7%P!<%8%g%s(B
.\"Ports to HPUX, SVR2 and SVR3, a SysV version of getwd.c, SHORT_STRINGS support
.\"and a new version of sh.glob.c
.TP 2
James J Dempsey, BBN, and Paul Placeway, OSU, 1988
A/UX $B$K0\?"(B
.\"A/UX port
.TP 2
Daniel Long, NNSC, 1988
\fBwordchars\fR
.TP 2
Patrick Wolfe, Kuck and Associates, Inc., 1988
\fIvi\fR $B%b!<%I%/%j!<%s%"%C%W(B
.\"\fIvi\fR mode cleanup
.TP 2
David C Lawrence, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1989
\fBautolist\fR $B$H(B $B$"$$$^$$Jd40$H0lMw(B
.\"\fBautolist\fR and ambiguous completion listing
.TP 2
Alec Wolman, DEC, 1989
$B%W%m%s%W%HCf$N2~9T(B???
.\"Newlines in the prompt
.TP 2
Matt Landau, BBN, 1989
$B%U%!%$%k(B \fI~/.tcshrc\fR
.\"\fI~/.tcshrc\fR
.TP 2
Ray Moody, Purdue Physics, 1989
.\"Magic space bar history expansion
.TP 2
Mordechai ????, Intel, 1989
printprompt() $B$N=$@5$HDI2C(B
.\"printprompt() fixes and additions
.TP 2
Kazuhiro Honda, Dept. of Computer Science, Keio University, 1989
$B<+F0%9%Z%kD{@5(B \fBprompt3\fR
.\"Automatic spelling correction and \fBprompt3\fR
.TP 2
Per Hedeland, Ellemtel, Sweden, 1990-
$B$5$^$6$^$N%P%0=$@5!"2~NI$H%^%K%e%"%k$N%"%C%W%G!<%H(B
.\"Various bugfixes, improvements and manual updates
.TP 2
Hans J. Albertsson (Sun Sweden)
\fBampm\fR, \fIsettc\fR and \fItelltc\fR
.\"\fBampm\fR, \fIsettc\fR and \fItelltc\fR
.TP 2
Michael Bloom
$B3d$j9~$_%O%s%I%j%s%0=$@5(B
.\"Interrupt handling fixes
.TP 2
Michael Fine, Digital Equipment Corp
$B3HD%%-!<%5%]!<%H(B
.\"Extended key support
.TP 2
Eric Schnoebelen, Convex, 1990
Convex $B%5%]!<%H!"(B\fIcsh\fR $B$NB??t$N%P%0=$@5!"(B
$B%G%#%l%/%H%j%9%?%C%/$NJ]B8$HI|5"(B
.\"Convex support, lots of \fIcsh\fR bug fixes,
.\"save and restore of directory stack
.TP 2
Ron Flax, Apple, 1990
A/UX 2.0 $B$X$N(B ($B:F(B) $B0\?"(B
.\"A/UX 2.0 (re)port
.TP 2
Dan Oscarsson, LTH Sweden, 1990
NLS $B%5%]!<%H$H(B $BHs(B NLS $B%5%$%H$N$?$a$N%7%_%e%l!<%H(B NLS $B%5%]!<%H!"=$@5(B
.\"NLS support and simulated NLS support for non NLS sites, fixes
.TP 2
Johan Widen, SICS Sweden, 1990
\fBshlvl\fR, Mach $B%5%]!<%H!"(B\fIcorrect-line\fR, 8 $B%S%C%H0u;z(B
.\"\fBshlvl\fR, Mach support, \fIcorrect-line\fR, 8-bit printing
.TP 2
Matt Day, Sanyo Icon, 1990
POSIX termio $B%5%]!<%H!"(BSysV limit $B=$@5(B
.\"POSIX termio support, SysV limit fixes
.TP 2
Jaap Vermeulen, Sequent, 1990-91
vi $B%b!<%I=$@5!"(Bexpand-line, $B%&%$%s%I%&JQ99=$@5!"(BSymmetry $B0\?"(B
.\"Vi mode fixes, expand-line, window change fixes, Symmetry port
.TP 2
Martin Boyer, Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, 1991
\fBautolist\fR beeping options, $B9T$N@hF,$+$i%+!<%=%k$^$G$N(B
$B$9$Y$F$rBP>]$H$9$k%R%9%H%j8!:w$N%b%G%#%U%!%$(B
.\"\fBautolist\fR beeping options, modified the history search to search for
.\"the whole string from the beginning of the line to the cursor.
.TP 2
Scott Krotz, Motorola, 1991
Minix $B$K0\?"(B
.\"Minix port
.TP 2
David Dawes, Sydney U. Australia, Physics Dept., 1991
SVR4 $B%8%g%V%3%s%H%m!<%k=$@5(B
.\"SVR4 job control fixes
.TP 2
Jose Sousa, Interactive Systems Corp., 1991
$B3HD%(B \fIvi\fR $B=$@5!"(B\fIvi\fR $B%G%j!<%H%3%^%s%I(B
.\"Extended \fIvi\fR fixes and \fIvi\fR delete command
.TP 2
Marc Horowitz, MIT, 1991
ANSIfication $B=$@5!"?7$7$$(B exec $B%O%s%I%j%s%0%3!<%I!"(Bimake $B=$@5!"(B\fIwhere\fR
.\"ANSIfication fixes, new exec hashing code, imake fixes, \fIwhere\fR
.TP 2
Bruce Sterling Woodcock, sterling@netcom.com, 1991-1995
ETA and Pyramid $B0\?"!"(BMakefile $B$H(B lint $B$N=$@5!"(B\fBignoreeof\fR=n $BDI2C!"(B
$B$=$NB>$N$5$^$6$^$J0\?"@-8~>e$N$?$a$NJQ99!"$*$h$S%P%0=$@5(B
.\"ETA and Pyramid port, Makefile and lint fixes, \fBignoreeof\fR=n addition, and
.\"various other portability changes and bug fixes
.TP 2
Jeff Fink, 1992
\fIcomplete-word-fwd\fR $B$H(B \fIcomplete-word-back\fR
.\"\fIcomplete-word-fwd\fR and \fIcomplete-word-back\fR
.TP 2
Harry C. Pulley, 1992
Coherent $B$K0\?"(B
.\"Coherent port
.TP 2
Andy Phillips, Mullard Space Science Lab U.K., 1992
VMS-POSIX $B$K0\?"(B
.\"VMS-POSIX port
.TP 2
Beto Appleton, IBM Corp., 1992
$B:n6H(B???$B%W%m%;%9%0%k!<%W=$@5!"(B\fIcsh\fR $B%P%0=$@5!"(B
POSIX file tests, POSIX SIGHUP
.\"Walking process group fixes, \fIcsh\fR bug fixes,
.\"POSIX file tests, POSIX SIGHUP
.TP 2
Scott Bolte, Cray Computer Corp., 1992
CSOS $B$K0\?"(B
.\"CSOS port
.TP 2
Kaveh R. Ghazi, Rutgers University, 1992
Tek, m88k, Titan, Masscomp $B0\?"$H=$@5!"DI2C$5$l$?(B autoconf $B$r%5%]!<%H(B
.\"Tek, m88k, Titan and Masscomp ports and fixes.  Added autoconf support.
.TP 2
Mark Linderman, Cornell University, 1992
OS/2 $B$K0\?"(B
.\"OS/2 port
.TP 2
Mika Liljeberg, liljeber@kruuna.Helsinki.FI, 1992
Linux $B$K0\?"(B
.\"Linux port
.TP 2
Tim P. Starrin, NASA Langley Research Center Operations, 1993
$B%j!<%I%*%s%jJQ?t(B
.\"Read-only variables
.TP 2
Dave Schweisguth, Yale University, 1993-4
$B?7$7$$%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8$H(B tcsh.man2html
.\"New man page and tcsh.man2html
.TP 2
Larry Schwimmer, Stanford University, 1993
AFS $B$H(B HESIOD $B%Q%C%A(B
.\"AFS and HESIOD patches
.TP 2
Luke Mewburn, RMIT University, 1994-6
$B%W%m%s%W%H$NCf$G$N%G%#%l%/%H%j0u;z!"(B\fBellipsis\fR $B$H(B \fBrprompt\fR
.\"Enhanced directory printing in prompt,
.\"added \fBellipsis\fR and \fBrprompt\fR.
.TP 2
Edward Hutchins, Silicon Graphics Inc., 1996
$B@dBPE*$J(B???($B0E$K0UL#$5$l$?(B???) cd $BDI2C(B
.\"Added implicit cd.
.TP 2
Martin Kraemer, 1997
Siemens Nixdorf EBCDIC machine $B$K0\?"(B
.\"Ported to Siemens Nixdorf EBCDIC machine
.TP 2
Amol Deshpande, Microsoft, 1997
WIN32 (Windows/95 and Windows/NT) $B$K0\?"!"ITB-$7$?%i%$%V%i%j$H(B
Winodws $B$K%$%s%?!<%U%'%$%9$X$N%a%C%;!<%8%+%?%m%0%3!<%I$N:n@.(B
.\"Ported to WIN32 (Windows/95 and Windows/NT); wrote all the missing library
.\"and message catalog code to interface to Windows.
.TP 2
Taga Nayuta, 1998
$B?'$D$-(B ls $B$NDI2C(B
.\"Color ls additions.
.PD
.PP
.SH $B<U<-(B
.\".SH "THANKS TO"
$B0J2<$N$_$J$5$s$K46<U$7$^$9!#(B
.br
Bryan Dunlap, Clayton Elwell, Karl Kleinpaste, Bob Manson, Steve Romig,
Diana Smetters, Bob Sutterfield, Mark Verber, Elizabeth Zwicky
$B$HDs0F$H1~1g$r$7$F$/$l$?%*%O%$%*=#$N$9$Y$F$N$_$J$5$s(B
.\" and all
.\"the other people at Ohio State for suggestions and encouragement
.PP
$BBQ$($F$/$l$?!"%P%0%j%]!<%H$/$l$?!"3F!9$N!"$"$i$f$k%P!<%8%g%s$KDs0F$H(B
$B?75,DI2C$r$7$F$/$l$?%M%C%H>e$N$9$Y$F$N$_$J$5$s(B
.\"All the people on the net, for putting up with,
.\"reporting bugs in, and suggesting new additions to each and every version
.PP
"tcsh $B$N(B T $B$NM3Mh(B" $B$N>O$r<9I.$7$F$/$l$?(B Richard M. Alderson III
.\"Richard M. Alderson III, for writing the `T in tcsh' section
.SH $BK]Lu(B
$BF|K\8lHG$X$NK]Lu$O0J2<$N<T$,J,C4$7$F$"$?$j$^$7$?!#(B
.br
t_ogawa <BYH06106@nifty.ne.jp>
.br
$B$*$5$J(B <yasu@via2000.net>
.br
$B$f!A$3(B <yuko@veltec.co.jp>
.br
$B?9(B $B9@Fs(B <mori@tri.asanuma.co.jp>
.br
NOKUBI Hirotaka <h-nokubi@nsk.nis.nec.co.jp>
.br
$BCfLn!w@.l~Bg(B <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp> (JM $B%W%m%8%'%/%H(B)
.br
$B0~;3(B <kageyama@cig.nml.mot.com>
.br
$BCfB<OB;V!w?@8M(B <kaz@kobe1995.net>
.br
$BBg_7@iIR!w4tIl(B <ohsawa@catv1.ccn-net.ne.jp>
.br
$B7'C+(B $BE5Bg(B <kumagai@home.com>
.br
($B=gITF1(B)
.PP
$BK]Lu$K$"$?$j!"(BJM $B%W%m%8%'%/%H$NJ}!9$N8f6(NO$rD:$-$^$7$?!#(B
