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Subject: [man-jp-reviewer 4385] roff.7 for groff 1.19
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$BKY@n$G$9!#(B

roff.7 $B$N(B 1.1.1.5 (groff 1.19) $B$X$N86J8$+$i$N:9J,$G$9!#(B
.TH $B9T$N%P!<%8%g%s$HF|IU$O$"$H$G$^$H$a$F99?7$9$k$D$b$j$G$9!#(B

--- roff.man	Sat May  3 23:34:11 2003
+++ roff.7	Sun May  4 00:04:02 2003
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+'\" t
 .ig
 roff.man
 
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@
 A copy of the Free Documentation License is included as a file called
 FDL in the main directory of the groff source package.
 ..
+.\" $FreeBSD: doc/ja_JP.eucJP/man/man7/roff.7,v 1.5 2001/08/08 04:08:11 horikawa Exp $
+.\" WORD: gremlin picture          gremlin $B?^(B
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .\" Setup
@@ -145,415 +148,430 @@
 .\" Title
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-.TH ROFF @MAN7EXT@ "@MDATE@" "Groff Version @VERSION@"
-.SH NAME
-roff \- concepts and history of roff typesetting
+.TH ROFF 7 "11 October 2002" "Groff Version 1.18.1"
+.SH $BL>>N(B
+roff \- roff $B$N@6=q$N%3%s%;%W%H$HNr;K(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH DESCRIPTION
+.SH $B2r@b(B
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 .I roff
-is the general name for a set of type-setting programs, known under
-names like
+$B$H$O@6=q%W%m%0%i%`72$N0lHLL>>N$G$9!#(B
 .IR troff ,
 .IR nroff ,
 .IR ditroff ,
-.IR groff ,
-etc.
+.IR groff
+$B$J$I$NL>A0$GCN$i$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-A roff type-setting system consists of an extensible text formatting
-language and a set of programs for printing and converting to other
-text formats.
+roff $B@6=q%7%9%F%`$O!"3HD%2DG=$J%U%)!<%^%C%HMQ8@8l$H!"(B
+$B0u:~$*$h$SB>$N%F%-%9%H=q<0$X$NJQ49$N$?$a$N0lO"$N%W%m%0%i%`$+$i$J$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-Traditionally, it is the main text processing system of Unix; every
-Unix-like operating system still distributes a roff system as a core
-package.
+$BEAE}E*$K$O!"$3$l$,(B Unix $B$N<g$?$k%F%-%9%H=hM}%7%9%F%`$G$7$?!#(B
+$B$9$Y$F$N(B Unix $BE*$J%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$O!"(B
+$B$$$^$@$K(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$r%3%"%Q%C%1!<%8$H$7$FG[I[$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The most common roff system today is the free software implementation
+$B:#F|!":G$b0lHLE*$J(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$O%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%"$G$N(B
+$B<BAu$G$"$k(B
 .IR "GNU roff",
-.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@).
-.
-The pre-groff implementations are referred to as
-.I classical
-(dating back as long as 1973).
+.BR groff (1)
+$B$G$9!#(B
 .
 .I groff
-implements the look-and-feel and functionality of its classical
-ancestors, but has many extensions.
+$B$G$9!#(B
+groff $B$h$jA0$N<BAu$O(B
+.I $B8EE5(B
+(1973 $BG/$^$GAL$j$^$9(B)
+$B$H8F$V$3$H$K$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-As
 .I groff
-is the only roff system that is available for every (or almost every)
-computer system it is the de-facto roff standard today.
+$B$O!"8EE5$G$"$k@hAD$N8+$?L\$d;HMQ46$*$h$S5!G=$r<BAu$7$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
+$BB?$/$N3HD%$r;}$A$^$9!#(B
 .
+.I groff
+$B$[$H$s$I$9$Y$F$N7W;;5!%7%9%F%`$GMxMQ$G$-$k$?$a!":#F|$G$O;v<B>e$N(B
+roff $BI8=`$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .P
-In some ancient Unix systems, there was a binary called
-.B roff
-that implemented the even more ancient
-.B runoff
-of the
+$B8E$$(B Unix $B%7%9%F%`$G$O!"(B
 .I Multics
-operating system, cf. section
-.BR HISTORY .
-The functionality of this program was very restricted even in
-comparison to ancient troff; it is not supported any longer.
+$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$N$b$C$H8E$$(B
+.B runoff
+$B$r<BAu$7$?!"(B
+.B roff
+$B$H8F$P$l$k%P%$%J%j$r;}$D$b$N$,$"$j$^$7$?!#(B
+.B $BNr;K(B
+$B@a$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
+$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$N5!G=$O!"8EBe$N(B troff $B$HHf$Y$F$5$(8BDj$5$l$?$b$N$G$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$l$O$b$&%5%]!<%H$5$l$F$$$^$;$s!#(B
 .
-Consequently, in this document, the term
+$B$3$N7k2L!"$3$NJ8=q$G$O!"(B
 .I roff
-always refers to the general meaning of
-.IR "roff system" ,
-not to the ancient roff binary.
+$B$H$$$&=Q8l$O>o$K(B
+.IR "roff $B%7%9%F%`(B"
+$B0lHL$r;X$7!"8EBe$N(B roff $B%P%$%J%j$r;X$7$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .P
-In spite of its age, roff is in wide use today, for example, the manual
-pages on UNIX systems
-.RI ( man\~pages\/ ),
-many software books, system documentation, standards, and corporate
-documents are written in roff.
+$B$=$N8E$5$K$b$+$+$o$i$:!"(Broff $B$O:#F|$G$b9-$/;HMQ$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
+$BNc$($P!"(BUNIX $B%7%9%F%`$N%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8(B
+.RI ( man $B%Z!<%8(B )
+$B$dB?$/$N%=%U%H%&%'%"=q@R!"%7%9%F%`J8=q!"I8=`!"4k6H$NJ8=q$O(B
+roff $B$G=q$+$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-The roff output for text devices is still unmatched, and its graphical
-output has the same quality as other free type-setting programs and is
-better than some of the commercial systems.
+$B%F%-%9%H%G%P%$%9$KBP$9$k(B roff $B=PNO$O!"$$$^$@$KJB$V$b$N$N$J$$$[$IM%$l$F(B
+$B$$$^$9!#%0%i%U%#%+%k$J=PNO$bB>$N%U%j!<$N@6=q%W%m%0%i%`$HF1Ey$NIJ<A$r(B
+$B;}$C$F$$$^$9$7!"$b$N$K$h$C$F$O>&MQ%7%9%F%`$N$b$N$h$j$bM%$l$F$$$k$H$-$b(B
+$B$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The most popular application of roff is the concept of
-.I manual pages
-or shortly
-.IR "man pages" ;
-this is the standard documentation system on many operating systems.
+roff $B$N$b$C$H$bM-L>$J%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$O(B
+.I $B%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8(B
+$B$^$?$OC1$K(B
+.IR "man $B%Z!<%8(B"
+$B$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$G$9!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"B?$/$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$K$*$$$F!"(B
+$BI8=`$NJ8=q2=%7%9%F%`$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-This document describes the historical facts around the development
-of the
-.IR "roff system" ;
-some usage aspects common to all roff versions, details on the roff
-pipeline, which is usually hidden behind front-ends like
-.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@);
-an general overview of the formatting language; some tips for editing
-roff files; and many pointers to further readings.
+$B$3$NJ8=q$O!"(B
+.IR "roff $B%7%9%F%`(B"
+$B$N3+H/$K$^$D$o$kNr;KE*$J;v<B!"(B
+$B$9$Y$F$N(B roff $B%P!<%8%g%s$K6&DL$J;HMQB&LL$dDL>o$O(B
+.BR groff (1)
+$B$N$h$&$J%U%m%s%H%(%s%I$K1#$5$l$F$7$^$&$h$&$J(B roff $B%Q%$%W%i%$%s$N>\:Y!"(B
+$B$3$N%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l$N0lHL35MW!"(Broff $B%U%!%$%kJT=8$N$3$D!"(B
+$B$5$i$J$k;29M;qNA$X$N%]%$%s%?$r5-=R$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "HISTORY"
+.SH $BNr;K(B
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-The
 .I roff
-text processing system has a very long history, dating back to the
-1960s.
+$B%F%-%9%H=hM}%7%9%F%`$O!"Hs>o$KD9$$Nr;K$r;}$A!"(B1960 $BG/Be$^$GAL$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-The roff system itself is intimately connected to the Unix operating
-system, but its roots go back to the earlier operating systems CTSS
-and Multics.
+roff $B%7%9%F%`<+?H(B Unix $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$HL)$K7R$C$F$$$^$9$,!"(B
+$B$=$N:,8;$O$h$j@N$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$"$k(B CTSS $B$*$h$S(B Multics $B$G$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "The Predecessor runoff"
+.SS "runoff $B$N@hAD(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 .P
-The evolution of
 .I roff
-is intimately related to the history of the operating systems.
+$B$N?J2=$O%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$NNr;K$KL)$K$+$+$o$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-Its predecessor
+$B$=$N@hAD$G$"$k(B
 .B runoff
-was written by
+$B$O!"(B
 .I Jerry Saltzer
-on the
+$B$K$h$C$F(B
 .I CTSS
-operating system
 .RI ( "Compatible Time Sharing System" )
-as early as 1961.
+$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`>e$G=q$+$l$^$7$?!#(B
+1961 $BG/$H$$$&Aa$$;~4|$G$9!#(B
 .
-When CTSS was further developed into the operating system
-.URL http://\:www.multicians.org "Multics" ,
-the famous predecessor of Unix from 1963,
+1963 $BG/$+$i(B CTSS $B$,99$K3+H/$5$l!"(B
+Unix $B$NM-L>$J@hAD$G$"$k%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B
+.URL http://\:www.multicians.org "Multics"
+$B$K$J$k$H$-!"(B
 .I runoff
-became the main format for documentation and text processing.
+$B$OJ8=q%F%-%9%H=hM}$N<g$?$k=q<0$K$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-Both operating systems could only be run on very expensive computers
-at that time, so they were mostly used in research and for official
-and military tasks.
+$BN>%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$OEv;~Hs>o$K9b2A$J7W;;5!>e$G$N$_F0:n$7$?$N$G!"(B
+$B$=$l$i$O8&5fJ,Ln$d@/I\$d73;v$NL\E*$G<g$K;HMQ$5$l$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .P
-The possibilities of the
+$B8=Be$N(B roff $B$KHf$Y!"(B
 .I runoff
-language were quite limited as compared to modern roff.
+$B8@8l$N2DG=@-$OHs>o$K8B$i$l$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-Only text output was possible in the 1960s.
+1960 $BG/Be$K$O!"%F%-%9%H=PNO$N$_$,2DG=$G$7$?!#(B
 .
-This could be implemented by a set of requests of length\~2, many of
-which are still identically used in roff.
+$B$3$l$O!"D9$5(B 2 $B$N%j%/%(%9%H$N=89g$K$h$j<BAu2DG=$G$7$?!#(B
+$B$=$NB?$/$O!"(Broff $B$G$bF1$8$/;HMQ$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-The language was modelled according to the habits of typesetting in
-the pre-computer age, where lines starting with a dot were used in
-manuscripts to denote formatting requests to the person who would
-perform the typesetting manually later on.
+$B$3$N8@8l$O!"7W;;5!@$Be0JA0$N@6=q=,47$K=>$C$F%b%G%k2=$5$l$?$b$N$G$7$?!#(B
+$B869FCf$N%I%C%H$G3+;O$9$k9T$O!"(B
+$B8e$G<jF0$G@6=q$r9T$&?M$KBP$9$k@6=q$N;X<($rI=$7$F$$$?$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The runoff program was written in the
+runoff $B%W%m%0%i%`$O!":G=i$K(B
 .I PL/1
-language first, later on in
-.IR BCPL ,
-the grandmother of the
-.IR C \~\c
-programming language.
+$B8@8l$G5-=R$5$l!"8e$K(B
+.I C
+$B%W%m%0%i%`8@8l$NADJl$G$"$k(B
+.I BCPL
+$B$G5-=R$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-In the Multics operating system, the help system was handled by
-runoff, similar to roff's task to manage the Unix manual pages.
+Multics $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G$O!"(B
+$B%X%k%W%7%9%F%`$,(B runoff $B$G07$o$l$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"(Broff $B$,(B Unix $B%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8$r07$&;E;v$H;w$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-There are still documents written in the runoff language; for examples
-see Saltzer's home page, cf. section
-.BR "SEE ALSO" .
+runoff $B8@8l$G=q$+$l$?J8=q$O!"8=B8$7$^$9!#(B
+$BNc$($P(B Saltzer $B$N%[!<%`%Z!<%8$r8+$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
+.B "$B4XO"9`L\(B"
+$B$N@a$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "The Classical nroff/troff System"
+.SS "$B8EE5E*$J(B nroff/troff $B%7%9%F%`(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-In the 1970s, the Multics off-spring
+1970 $BG/Be$K$O!"(BMultics $B$N;R(B
 .I Unix
-became more and more popular because it could be run on affordable
-machines and was easily available for universities at that time.
+$B$N?M5$$,$I$s$I$s$G$F$-$^$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"9XF~2DG=$J%^%7%s>e$GF0:n$9$k$3$H$H!"(B
+$BEv;~Bg3X$G$O$h$j4JC1$KF~<j2DG=$G$"$C$?$?$a$G$9!#(B
 .
-At MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), there was a need to
-drive the Wang
+MIT (the Massachusetts Institute of Technology) $B$G$O!"(B
+Unix $B$r<B9T$9$k(B PDP-11 $B7W;;5!$+$i$N%0%i%U%#%C%/%9=PNO%G%P%$%9$G$"$k!"(B
+Wang
 .I Graphic Systems CAT
-typesetter, a graphical output device from a PDP-11 computer running
-Unix.
+$B@6=q5!$rF0$+$9I,MW$,$"$j$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-As runoff was too limited for this task it was further developed into
-a more powerful text formatting system by
-.IR "Josef F. Osanna" ,
-a main developer of the Multics operating system and programmer of
-several runoff ports.
+runoff $B$N5!G=$O$3$NL\E*$K$OB-$j$J$+$C$?$N$G!"(B
+.I "Josef F. Osanna"
+$B$N<j$K$h$j99$K6/NO$J%F%-%9%H%U%)!<%^%C%H%7%9%F%`$X$H3+H/$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+$BH`$O!"(BMultics $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$N<g$?$k3+H/<T$G$"$j!"(B
+$B$$$/$D$+$N(B runoff $B%]!<%H$N%W%m%0%i%^$G$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The name
 .I runoff
-was shortened to
-.IR roff .
-The greatly enlarged language of Osanna's concept included already all
-elements of a full
-.IR "roff system" .
+$B$H$$$&L>A0$O(B
+.I roff
+$B$K=L$a$i$l$^$7$?!#(B
+Osanna $B$N%3%s%;%W%H$G$"$kHs>o$K3HBg$5$l$?8@8l$O!"4{$K40A4$J(B
+.I "roff $B%7%9%F%`(B"
+$B$N$9$Y$F$NMWAG$r4^$s$G$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-All modern roff systems try to implement compatibility to this system.
+$B$9$Y$F$N8=BeE*$J(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$O!"(B
+$B$3$N%7%9%F%`$H$N8_49@-$r<BAu$7$h$&$H$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-So Joe Osanna can be called the father of all roff systems.
+$B$=$N$?$a!"(BJoe Osanna $B$O(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$NIc$H$b8F$Y$k$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-This first
-.I roff system
-had three formatter programs.
+$B$3$N:G=i$N(B
+.I roff $B%7%9%F%`(B
+$B$O(B 3 $B8D$N%U%)!<%^%C%H%W%m%0%i%`$r;}$C$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .TP
 .B troff
-.RI ( "typesetter roff\/" )
-generated a graphical output for the
+.RI ( "$B?";z5!(B roff\/" )
+$B$O!"M#0l$N%G%P%$%9$H$7$F(B
 .I CAT
-typesetter as its only device.
+$B?";z5!MQ$N%0%i%U%#%+%k=PNO$r@8@.$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .TP
 .B nroff
-produced text output suitable for terminals and line printers.
+$B$O!"C<Kv$*$h$S9T%W%j%s%?$KE,$7$?%F%-%9%H=PNO$r@8@.$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .TP
 .B roff
-was the reimplementation of the former runoff program with its limited
-features; this program was abandoned in later versions.
+$B$O!"0JA0$N(B runoff $B%W%m%0%i%`$N:F<BAu$G$7$?$,!"5!G=$O8BDj$5$l$F$$$^$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$N%W%m%0%i%`$O8e$N%P!<%8%g%s$G<N$F$i$l$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-Today, the name
+$B:#F|$G$O!"(B
 .I roff
-is used to refer to a troff/\:nroff sytem as a whole.
+$B$H$$$&L>A0$O!"(Btroff/\:nroff $B%7%9%F%`A4BN$r;X$9$?$a$K;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-Osanna first version was written in the PDP-11 assembly language and
-released in 1973.
+Osanna $B$N:G=i$N%P!<%8%g%s$O(B PDP-11 $B%"%;%s%V%j8@8l$G5-=R$5$l!"(B
+1973 $BG/$K%j%j!<%9$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .I Brian Kernighan
-joined the
+$B$,!"$3$l$r(B C $B%W%m%0%i%_%s%08@8l$G=q$-D>$9$3$H$G!"(B
 .I roff
-development by rewriting it in the C\~programming language.
+$B3+H/$K2C$o$j$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-The C\~version was released in 1975.
+C $B%P!<%8%g%s$O(B 1975 $BG/$K%j%j!<%9$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .P
-The syntax of the formatting language of the
+$B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l(B
 .BR nroff / troff
-programs was documented in the famous
-.IR "Troff User's Manual [CSTR\~#54]" ,
-first published in 1976, with further revisions up to 1992 by Brian
-Kernighan.
+$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"CxL>$J(B
+.IR "Troff User's Manual [CSTR\~#54]"
+$B$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"(B1976 $BG/$K:G=i$K=PHG$5$l!"(B
+1992 $BG/$^$G(B Brian Kernighan $B$K$h$C$F2~D{$5$lB3$1$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-This document is the specification of the
-.IR "classical troff" .
-All later
+$B$3$NJ8=q$O(B
+.I "$B8EE5(B troff"
+$B$N;EMM=q$G$9!#(B
+$B8e$N$9$Y$F$N(B
 .I roff
-systems tried to establish compatibility with this specification.
+$B%7%9%F%`$O!"$3$N;EMM$H$N8_49@-$r3NN)$7$h$&$H;n$_$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .P
-After Osanna had died in 1977 by a heart-attack at the age of about\~50,
-Kernighan went on with developing troff.
+1977 $BG/$KLs(B 50 $B:P$K$F(B Osanna $B$,?4B!H/:n$G;`5n$7$?8e$O!"(B
+Kernighan $B$,(B troff $B$N3+H/$rB3$1$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-The next milestone was to equip troff with a general interface to
-support more devices, the intermediate output format and the
-postprocessor system.
+$B<!$N%^%$%k%9%H!<%s$O!"(B
+$B$h$jB?$/$N%G%P%$%9$HCf4V=PNO8@8l$H8e=hM}%7%9%F%`$N%5%]!<%H$N$?$a$K!"(B
+$B0lHLE*$J%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$r(B troff $B$KHw$($k$3$H$G$7$?!#(B
 .
-This completed the structure of a
-.I "roff system"
-as it is still in use today; see section
-.BR "USING ROFF" .
+$B$3$l$O:#F|$G$b;HMQ$5$l$F$$$^$9$N$G!"$3$l$K$h$j!"(B
+.I "roff $B%7%9%F%`(B"
+$B$N9=B$$,40@.$7$^$7$?!#(B
+.BR "ROFF $B$N;H$$J}(B"
+$B$N@a$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
-In 1979, these novelties were described in the paper
-.IR "[CSTR\~#97]" .
-This new troff version is the basis for all existing newer troff
-systems, including
-.IR groff .
+1979 $BG/$K$O!"$3$l$i$N;B?7$J%7%9%F%`$,O@J8(B
+.IR "[CSTR\~#97]"
+$B$K5-=R$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$N?7$7$$(B troff $B%P!<%8%g%s$O!"(B
+.I groff
+$B$r4^$`4{B8$9$k$9$Y$F$N$h$j?7$7$$(B troff $B%7%9%F%`$N4pAC$H$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-On some systems, this
-.I device independent troff
-got a binary of its own, called
-.BR ditroff (@MAN7EXT@).
+$B%7%9%F%`$K$h$C$F$O!"$3$N(B
+.I $B%G%P%$%9FHN)(B troff
+$B$@$1$G!"(B
+.BR ditroff (7)
+$B$H8F$P$l$k%P%$%J%j$r;}$D$b$N$b$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-All modern
+$B$9$Y$F$N8=BeE*$J(B
 .B troff
-programs already provide the full ditroff capabilities automatically.
+$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"4{$K!"40A4$J(B ditroff $B5!G=$r<+F0E*$KDs6!$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Commercialization"
+.SS "$B>&MQ2=(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-A major degradation occurred when the easily available Unix\~7
-operating system was commercialized.
+$B4JC1$KF~<j2DG=$J(B Unix\~7 $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$,>&MQ2=$5$l$?$H$-$K!"(B
+$BBg$-$JB`2=$,H/@8$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-A whole bunch of divergent operating systems emerged, fighting each
-other with incompatibilities in their extensions.
+$BJ,4t$7$?%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$,BgNLH/@8$7!"(B
+$B8_$$$KHs8_49$J3HD%$r$a$0$C$FAh$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-Luckily, the incompatibilities did not fight the original troff.
+$B9,1?$J$3$H$K!"$3$l$i$NHs8_49@-$O!"85$N(B troff $B$H$OAh$$$^$;$s$G$7$?!#(B
 .
-All of the different commercial roff systems made heavy use of
-Osanna/\:Kernighan's open source code and documentation, but sold them
-as \[lq]their\[rq] system \[em] with only minor additions.
+$B$9$Y$F$N>&MQ(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$O!"(B
+Osanna/\:Kernighan $B$N%*!<%W%s%=!<%9%3!<%I$HJ8=q$rB?MQ$7$^$7$?$,!"(B
+$B$=$l$i$K:3:Y$JDI2C$r$7$?$@$1$G(B \[lq]$BH`Ey(B\[rq] $B$N%7%9%F%`$H$7$FHNGd$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .P
-The source code of both the ancient Unix and classical troff weren't
-available for two decades.
+$B8EBe(B Unix $B$H8EE5(B troff $B$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$O!"(B20 $BG/$b$N4VMxMQIT2DG=$G$7$?!#(B
 .
-Fortunately, Caldera bought SCO UNIX in 2001.
+$B9,1?$J$3$H$K!"(B2001 $BG/$K(B Caldera $B$,(B SCO UNIX $B$r9XF~$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-In the following, Caldera made the ancient source code accessible
-on-line for non-commercial use, cf. section
-.BR "SEE ALSO" .
+$B$=$7$F(B Caldera $B$O!"8EBe$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$KBP$9$k!"(B
+$BHs>&MQL\E*$G$N%*%s%i%$%s%"%/%;%9$r2DG=$K$7$^$7$?!#(B
+.BR "$B4XO"9`L\(B"
+$B$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Free roff"
+.SS "$B%U%j!<$N(B roff"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-None of the commercial roff systems could attain the status of a
-successor for the general roff development.
+$B>&MQ(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$N$$$:$l$b!"(B
+$B0lHLE*$J(B roff $B3+H/$N8e7Q<T$NCO0L$r3MF@$G$-$^$;$s$G$7$?!#(B
 .
-Everyone was only interested in their own stuff.
+$BC/$b$,3F!9$NJ*$K$@$16=L#$,$"$C$?$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-This led to a steep downfall of the once excellent
-Unix operating system during the 1980s.
+$B$3$l$O(B 1980 $BG/Be$K!"(B
+$B0lEY$OAG@2$7$+$C$?(B Unix $B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$N5^9_2<$K7R$,$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-As a counter-measure to the galopping commercialization, AT&T Bell
-Labs tried to launch a rescue project with their
+$B5^B.$KFM$-?J$`>&MQ2=$X$NBP93:v$H$7$F!"(B
+AT&T Bell Labs $B$O!"H`Ey$N(B
 .I Plan\~9
-operating system.
+$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$G5_1g%W%m%8%'%/%H$rN)$A>e$2$h$&$H$7$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-It is freely available for non-commercial use, even the source code,
-but has a proprietary license that empedes the free development.
+$B$3$l$OHs>&MQ$K$O%=!<%9%3!<%I$G$9$i<+M3$KMxMQ2DG=$G$7$?$,!"(B
+$B%W%m%W%i%(%?%j$J%i%$%;%s%9$,$"$C$F!"<+M3$J3+H/$rAK32$7$F$$$?$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-This concept is outdated, so Plan\~9 was not accepted as a platform to
-bundle the main-stream development.
+$B$3$N%3%s%;%W%H$O;~BeCY$l$G$"$C$?$N$G!"(B
+$B%a%$%s%9%H%j!<%`$N3+H/$r$^$H$a$k%W%i%C%H%U%)!<%`$H$7$F$O(B
+Plan\~9 $B$O<u$1F~$l$i$l$^$;$s$G$7$?!#(B
 .
 .P
-The only remedy came from the emerging free operatings systems
-(386BSD, GNU/\:Linux, etc.) and software projects during the 1980s and
-1990s.
+$BM#0l$N5_:Q$O!"N)$A>e$,$j$D$D$"$C$?%U%j!<$N%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`(B
+(386BSD, GNU/\:Linux $BEy(B) $B$d%=%U%H%&%'%"%W%m%8%'%/%H$K$h$k$b$N$G!"(B
+$B$=$l$O(B 1980 $BG/Be$*$h$S(B 1990 $BG/Be$N$3$H$G$9!#(B
 .
-These implemented the ancient Unix features and many extensions, such
-that the old experience is not lost.
+$B$3$l$i$O8EBe(B Unix $B$N5!G=$HB?$/$N3HD%$r<BAu$7$F$$$^$7$?$N$G!"(B
+$B8E$$7P83$O<:$o$l$J$+$C$?$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-In the 21st century, Unix-like systems are again a major factor in
-computer industry \[em] thanks to free software.
+21 $B@$5*$K$O!"(BUnix $BE*$J%7%9%F%`$O!":FEY!"(B
+$B7W;;5!;:6H$K$*$1$k%a%8%c!<$JMW0x$K$J$j$^$7$?(B \[em]
+$B%U%j!<%=%U%H%&%'%"$N$*$+$2$G!#(B
 .
 .P
-The most important free roff project was the GNU port of troff,
-created by James Clark and put under the
-.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft "GNU Public License" .
+$B:G=EMW$J%U%j!<(B roff $B%W%m%8%'%/%H$O(B troff $B$N(B GNU $B%]!<%H$G$9!#(B
+James Clark $B$K$h$C$F:n@.$5$l!"(B
+.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft "GNU Public License"
+$B$K$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-It was called
+$B$3$l$O(B
 .I groff
-.RI ( "GNU roff" ).
-See
-.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
-for an overview.
+.RI ( "GNU roff" )
+$B$H8F$P$l$^$9!#(B
+$B35MW$O(B
+.BR groff (1)
+$B$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
 .P
-The groff system is still actively developed.
+groff $B%7%9%F%`$O!"0MA3$H$7$F3hH/$K3+H/$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-It is compatible to the classical troff, but many extensions were
-added.
+$B$3$l$O8EE5(B troff $B$H8_49$G$9$,!"B?$/$N3HD%$,DI2C$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-It is the first roff system that is available on almost all operating
-systems \[em] and it is free.
+$B$[$H$s$I$9$Y$F$N7W;;5!%7%9%F%`$GMxMQ$G$-$k!"(B
+$B$O$8$a$F$N(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$G$9(B \[em] $B$7$+$b%U%j!<$G$9!#(B
 .
-This makes groff the de-facto roff standard today.
+$B$3$N$?$a!":#F|$G$O(B groff $B$,;v<B>e$N(B roff $BI8=`$H$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "USING ROFF"
+.SH "ROFF $B$N;H$$J}(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Most people won't even notice that they are actually using roff.
+$B$[$H$s$I$N?M!9$O!"<B:]$K(B roff $B$r;H$C$F$$$k$3$H$K$5$(5$IU$+$J$$$G$7$g$&!#(B
 .
-When you read a system manual page (man page) roff is working in the
-background.
+$B%7%9%F%`%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8(B (man $B%Z!<%8(B) $B$rFI$`$H$-$K$O!"(B
+roff $B$,%P%C%/%0%i%&%s%I$GF0:n$7$F$$$k$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-Roff documents can be viewed with a native viewer called
-.BR xditview (1x),
-a standard program of the X window distribution, see
-.BR X (7x).
+roff $BJ8=q$O!"@8?h$N%S%e!<%"$G$"$k(B
+.BR xditview (1x)
+$B$G1\Mw2DG=$G$9!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"(BX $B%&%#%s%I%&G[I[J*$NI8=`%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#(B
+.BR X (7x)
+$B$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
-But using roff explicitly isn't difficult either.
+$BL@<(E*$K(B roff $B$r;H$&$N$b$^$?Fq$7$/$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .P
-Some roff implementations provide wrapper programs that make it easy
-to use the roff system on the shell command line.
+roff $B$N<BAu$K$h$C$F$O!"%i%C%Q%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$j!"(B
+$B%7%'%k$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s$+$i(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$r4JC1$K;H$($k$h$&$K$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-For example, the GNU roff implementation
-.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
-provides command line options to avoid the long command pipes of
-classical troff; a program
-.BR grog (@MAN1EXT@)
-tries to guess from the document which arguments should be used for a
-run of groff; people who do not like specifying command line options
-should try the
-.BR groffer (@MAN1EXT@)
-program for graphically displaying groff files and man pages.
+$BNc$($P!"(BGNU roff $B<BAu$G$O!"<!$N$h$&$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
+$B8EE5(B troff $B$ND9$$%3%^%s%I%Q%$%W$rHr$1$k$?$a$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s$r(B
+$BM?$($k$?$a$K!"(B
+.BR groff (1)
+$B$,Ds6!$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
+.BR grog (1)
+$B%W%m%0%i%`$O!"J8=q$r$b$H$K!"(Bgroff $B$r5/F0$9$k$?$a$N0z?t$r?dB,$7$^$9!#(B
+$B%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s$r;XDj$7$?$/$J$$J}$O!"(B
+.BR groffer (1)
+$B%W%m%0%i%`$r;n$9$HNI$$$G$7$g$&!#(B
+$B$3$A$i$O!"(Bgroff $B%U%!%$%k$H(B man $B%Z!<%8$r%0%i%U%#%+%k$KI=<($9$k$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "The roff Pipe"
+.SS "roff $B%Q%$%W(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Each roff system consists of preprocessors, roff formatter programs,
-and a set of device postprocessors.
+$B3F(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$O!"%W%j%W%m%;%C%5!"(Broff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H%W%m%0%i%`!"(B
+$B0lAH$N%G%P%$%9%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%572$+$i$J$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-This concept makes heavy use of the
-.I piping
-mechanism, that is, a series of programs is called one after the other,
-where the output of each program in the queue is taken as the input
-for the next program.
+$B$3$N%3%s%;%W%H$O!"(B
+.I $B%Q%$%W%i%$%s(B
+$B5!9=$rB?MQ$7$^$9!#(B
+$B$=$l$O$9$J$o$A!"0lO"$N%W%m%0%i%`$,<!!9$H8F$P$l!"$=$3$G$O!"(B
+$B9TNs>e$N3F%W%m%0%i%`$N=PNO$,<!$N%W%m%0%i%`$NF~NO$H$J$k$H$$$&$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .CodeSkip
 .
@@ -567,59 +585,59 @@
 .rm @2
 .rm @3
 .P
-The preprocessors generate roff code that is fed into a roff formatter
-(e.g. troff), which in turn generates
-.I intermediate output
-that is fed into a device postprocessor program for printing or final
-output.
+$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$O(B roff $B%3!<%I$r@8@.$7!"$3$l$O(B roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%?(B
+($BNc$($P(B troff) $B$KM?$($i$l$^$9!#(B
+$B<!$K!"(Broff $B%U%)!<%^%C%?$,!"(B
+.I $BCf4V=PNO(B
+$B$r@8@.$7!"$3$l$,%G%P%$%9%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5%W%m%0%i%`$KM?$($i$l$F(B
+$B0u:~$d:G=*=PNO$K;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-All of these parts use programming languages of their own; each
-language is totally unrelated to the other parts.
+$B$3$l$i$NItJ,$9$Y$F$,!"3F<+$N%W%m%0%i%`8@8l$r;HMQ$7$^$9!#(B
+$B3F8@8l$O!"B>$NItJ,$H$O40A4$KFHN)$G$9!#(B
 .
-Moreover, roff macro packages that were tailored for special purposes
-can be included.
+$B99$K!"FC<lMQES8~$1$N(B roff $B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$b4^$a$k$3$H$,2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-Most roff documents use the macros of some package, intermixed with
-code for one or more preprocessors, spiced with some elements from the
-plain roff language.
+$B$[$H$s$I$N(B roff $BJ8=q$O!"$J$K$,$7$+$N%Q%C%1!<%8$N%^%/%m$r;HMQ$7!"(B
+$B$=$l$i$r%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N%3!<%I$H:.$<$F;H$$!"(B
+$B$=$l$i$KAG$N(B roff $B8@8l$NMWAG$GL#IU$1$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-The full power of the roff formatting language is seldom needed by
-users; only programmers of macro packages need to know about the gory
-details.
+roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l$N40A4$JNO$O!"%f!<%6$O$[$H$s$I$N>l9gI,MW$H$7$^$;$s!#(B
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$N%W%m%0%i%^$@$1$,!"$=$N$9$5$^$8$$>\:Y$rCN$kI,MW$,$"$k$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Preprocessors"
+.SS "$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-A roff preprocessor is any program that generates output that
-syntactically obeys the rules of the roff formatting language.
+roff $B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$O!"(B
+roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l$K9=J8E*$K=>$&=PNO$r@8@.$9$k!"G$0U$N%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#(B
 .
-Each preprocessor defines a language of its own that is translated
-into roff code when run through the preprocessor program.
+$B3F%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$O!"(B
+$B$3$N%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$rDL$9$H!"(Broff $B%3!<%I$KJQ49$5$l$k$h$&$J!"(B
+$B<+J,<+?H$N8@8l$rDj5A$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-Parts written in these languages may be included within a roff
-document; they are identified by special roff requests or macros.
+$B$3$N$h$&$J8@8l$G5-=R$5$l$?ItJ,$O!"(Broff $BJ8=q$KKd$a9~$a$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$N$h$&$JItJ,$O!"FC<l$J(B roff $B%j%/%(%9%H$d%^%/%m$G<1JL$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
-Each document that is enhanced by preprocessor code must be run
-through all corresponding preprocessors before it is fed into the
-actual roff formatter program, for the formatter just ignores all
-alien code.
+$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5%3!<%I$G3HD%$5$l$?J8=q$O!"(B
+$BBP1~$9$k$9$Y$F$N%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$rDL$7$F$+$i!"(B
+$B<B:]$N(B roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H%W%m%0%i%`$KDL$9I,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$l$K$h$j!"%U%)!<%^%C%?$,!"30It%3!<%I$rC1$KL5;k$G$-$k$h$&$K$J$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-The preprocessor programs extract and transform only the document
-parts that are determined for them.
+$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5%W%m%0%i%`$O!"J8=q$N$&$A!"(B
+$B<+J,<+?H$N$b$N$HH=CG$7$?ItJ,$N$_$rCj=P$7$FJQ49$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-There are a lot of free and commercial roff preprocessors.
+$B%U%j!<$*$h$S>&MQ$N(B roff $B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$,B??t$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-Some of them aren't available on each system, but there is a small
-set of preprocessors that are considered as an integral part of each
-roff system.
+$B$9$Y$F$N%7%9%F%`$GMxMQ$G$-$k$o$1$G$O$J$$$b$N$b$N$"$j$^$9$,!"(B
+$B%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$N$[$s$N>.$5$J=89g$O!"(B
+roff $B%7%9%F%`$N0lIt$H$_$J$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
-The classical preprocessors are
+$B8EE5E*$J%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$O<!$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
 .
 
 .de @TP
@@ -631,367 +649,373 @@
 .PD 0
 .@TP
 .B tbl
-for tables
+$BI=$N$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B eqn
-for mathematical formul\[ae]
+$B?t<0$N$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B pic
-for drawing diagrams
+$B?^$NIA2h$N$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B refer
-for bibliographic references
+$B;29MJ88%$N;2>HMQ$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B soelim
-for including macro files from standard locations
+$BI8=`$N>l=j$+$i%^%/%m%U%!%$%k$r%$%s%/%k!<%I$9$k$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .PD
 .RE
 .
 .P
-Other known preprocessors that are not available on all systems
-include
+$B$9$Y$F$N%7%9%F%`$G;HMQ2DG=$G$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!"(B
+$BB>$NM-L>$J%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$O<!$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
 .RS
 .PD 0
 .@TP
 .B chem
-for drawing chemical formul\[ae].
+$B2=3X<0$NIA2h$N$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B grap
-for constructing graphical elements.
+$B%0%i%U%#%+%kMWAG$r9=C[$9$k$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .@TP
 .B grn
-for including
 .BR gremlin (1)
-pictures.
+$B?^$rKd$a9~$`$?$a$N$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .PD
 .RE
 .
 .rm @TP
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Formatter Programs"
+.SS "$B%U%)!<%^%C%H%W%m%0%i%`(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-A
-.I roff formatter
-is a program that parses documents written in the roff formatting
-language or uses some of the roff macro packages.
+.I roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%?(B
+$B$O!"(Broff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l$G5-=R$5$l$?J8=q(B
+$B$^$?$O(B roff $B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$r;HMQ$9$kJ8=q$r!"9=J82r@O$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-It generates
-.IR "intermediate output" ,
-which is intended to be fed into a single device postprocessor that
-must be specified by a command-line option to the formatter program.
+$B@8@.$5$l$k(B
+.IR "$BCf4V=PNO(B"
+$B$O!"%U%)!<%^%C%H%W%m%0%i%`$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s$G;XDj$5$l$F$$$k!"(B
+$BC10l$N%G%P%$%9%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$KM?$($i$l$k$3$H$r0U?^$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-The documents must have been run through all necessary preprocessors
-before.
+$BJ8=q$O!"I,MW$J$9$Y$F$N%W%j%W%m%;%C%5$K;vA0$KDL$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$,I,MW$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The output produced by a roff formatter is represented in yet another
-language, the
-.IR "intermediate output format"
-or
-.IR "troff output" .
-This language was first specified in
-.IR "[CSTR\~#97]" ;
-its GNU extension is documented in
-.BR groff_out (@MAN5EXT@).
+roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%?$,@8@.$9$k=PNO$O!"$b$&$R$H$D$N8@8l!"$9$J$o$A(B
+.IR "$BCf4V=PNO=q<0(B"
+$B$d(B
+.IR "troff $B=PNO(B"
+$B$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$GI=8=$5$l$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$N8@8l$O!":G=i$K(B
+.IR "[CSTR\~#97]"
+$B$G;EMM$,5-=R$5$l$^$7$?!#(B
+$B$3$N(B GNU $B3HD%$,(B
+.BR groff_out 5
+$B$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-The intermediate output language is a kind of assembly language
-compared to the high-level roff language.
+$BCf4V=PNO8@8l$O!"9b0L$N(B roff $B8@8l$KBP$9$k!"%"%;%s%V%j8@8l$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-The generated intermediate output is optimized for a special device,
-but the language is the same for every device.
+$B@8@.$5$l$?Cf4V=PNO$O$"$kFC<l%G%P%$%9MQ$K:GE,2=$5$l$?$b$N$G$9$,!"(B
+$B8@8l$O$9$Y$F$N%G%P%$%9$K6&DL$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The roff formatter is the heart of the roff system.
+roff $B@8@.4o$O!"(Broff $B%7%9%F%`$N?4B!$G$9!#(B
 .
-The traditional roff had two formatters,
+$BE57?E*$J(B roff $B$O!"(B2 $B8D$N@8@.4o!"$9$J$o$A%F%-%9%H%G%P%$%9MQ$N(B
 .B nroff
-for text devices and
+$B$H!"%0%i%U%#%+%k%G%P%$%9MQ$N(B
 .B troff
-for graphical devices.
+$B$r;}$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-Often, the name
+$B$7$P$7$P!"(B
 .I troff
-is used as a general term to refer to both formatters.
+$B$H$$$&L>A0$,!"N>J}$N@8@.4o$r;X$90lHL=Q8l$H$7$F;HMQ$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Devices and Postprocessors"
+.SS "$B%G%P%$%9$H%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Devices are hardware interfaces like printers, text or graphical
-terminals, etc., or software interfaces such as a conversion into a
-different text or graphical format.
+$B%G%P%$%9$H$O!"%W%j%s%?$d%F%-%9%HC<Kv$d%0%i%U%#%+%kC<Kv$H$$$C$?(B
+$B%O!<%I%&%'%"%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$d!"JL$N%F%-%9%H7A<0$d%0%i%U%#%+%k7A<0$X$N(B
+$BJQ49$N%=%U%H%&%'%"%$%s%?%U%'!<%9$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-A roff postprocessor is a program that transforms troff output into a
-form suitable for a special device.
+roff $B%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$O!"(Btroff $B=PNO$r!"(B
+$BFC<l%G%P%$%9$KE,$7$?7A<0$KJQ49$9$k%W%m%0%i%`$G$9!#(B
 .
-The roff postprocessors are like device drivers for the output target.
+roff $B%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$O!"=PNOBP>]$KBP$9$k%G%P%$%9%I%i%$%P$N$h$&$J$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-For each device there is a postprocessor program that fits the device
-optimally.
+$B3F%G%P%$%9$KBP$7!"(B
+$B$=$N%G%P%$%9$K:GE,2=$5$l$?%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5%W%m%0%i%`$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-The postprocessor parses the generated intermediate output and
-generates device-specific code that is sent directly to the device.
+$B%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$O!"@8@.$5$l$?Cf4V=PNO$r9=J82r@O$7!"(B
+$B%G%P%$%9$KD>@\Aw$i$l$k%P%$%98GM-%3!<%I$r@8@.$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The names of the devices and the postprocessor programs are not fixed
-because they greatly depend on the software and hardware abilities of
-the actual computer.
+$B%G%P%$%9$*$h$S%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$NL>A0$O8GDj$G$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
+$B$J$<$J$i!"$3$l$i$O0lHLE*$K!"<B:]$N7W;;5!$N%=%U%H%&%'%"$*$h$S%O!<%I%&%'%"$N(B
+$BG=NO$K0MB8$9$k$+$i$G$9!#(B
 .
-For example, the classical devices mentioned in
+$BNc$($P!"(B
 .I [CSTR\~#54]
-have greatly changed since the classical times.
+$B$G=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k8EE5E*$J%G%P%$%9$O!"(B
+$B8EE5E*$J;~Be$+$iBgItJQ$o$C$F$7$^$$$^$7$?!#(B
 .
-The old hardware doesn't exist any longer and the old graphical
-conversions were quite imprecise when compared to their modern
-counterparts.
+$B8E$$%O!<%I%&%'%"$O$b$O$dB8:_$7$^$;$s$7!"(B
+$B8E$$%0%i%U%#%+%kJQ494o$O!"8=:_;H$($k$b$N$HHf3S$9$k$H!"Hs>o$KIT@53N$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-For example, the Postscript device
+$BNc$($P!"8EE5E*$J(B troff $B$K$*$1$k(B Postscript $B%G%P%$%9(B
 .I post
-in classical troff had a resolution
-of 720, while groff's
+$B$O2rA|EY(B 720 $B$G$7$?$,!"(Bgroff $B$N(B
 .I ps
-device has 72000, a refinement of factor 100.
+$B%G%P%$%9$O(B 72000 $B$G$"$j!"(B100 $BG\$N2~A1$,$J$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-Today the operating systems provide device drivers for most
-printer-like hardware, so it isn't necessary to write a special
-hardware postprocessor for each printer.
+$B:#F|$G$O!"%W%j%s%?$N$h$&$J$[$H$s$I$N%G%P%$%9$KBP$7$F$O(B
+$B%*%Z%l!<%F%#%s%0%7%9%F%`$,%G%P%$%9%I%i%$%P$rDs6!$7$^$9$N$G!"(B
+$B$=$l$>$l$N%W%j%s%?$KBP$7$FFC<l$J%O!<%I%&%'%"%]%9%H%W%m%;%C%5$r5-=R$9$k(B
+$BI,MW$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "ROFF PROGRAMMING"
+.SH "ROFF $B%W%m%0%i%`(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Documents using roff are normal text files decorated by roff
-formatting elements.
+roff $B$r;HMQ$7$?J8=q$O!"IaDL$N%F%-%9%H%U%!%$%k$r(B roff $B$N%U%)!<%^%C%HMQ(B
+$BMWAG$G=$>~$7$?$b$N$G$9!#(B
 .
-The roff formatting language is quite powerful; it is almost a full
-programming language and provides elements to enlarge the language.
+roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l$OHs>o$K6/NO$G$9!#(B
+$B$[$\40A4$J%W%m%0%i%_%s%08@8l$G$"$j!"8@8l$r3HD%$9$kMWAG$rDs6!$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-With these, it became possible to develop macro packages that are
-tailored for special applications.
+$B$3$l$i$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G!"FC<l$J1~MQ$KE,$7$?%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$r3+H/$9$k(B
+$B$3$H$,2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
-Such macro packages are much handier than plain roff.
+$B$3$N$h$&$J%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$O!"AG$N(B roff $B$h$j$b4JC1$K07$($^$9!#(B
 .
-So most people will choose a macro package without worrying about the
-internals of the roff language.
+$B$[$H$s$I$N?M!9$O%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$rA*Br$9$k$3$H$G!"(B
+roff $B8@8l$NFbIt$K$D$$$F5$$K$7$J$/$F$bNI$/$J$C$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Macro Packages"
+.SS "$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Macro packages are collections of macros that are suitable to format a
-special kind of documents in a convenient way.
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$O!"$"$kFC<l$J<oN`$NJ8=q$r4JJX$JJ}K!$G(B
+$B%U%)!<%^%C%H$9$k$N$KE,$7$?%^%/%m$N=89g$G$9!#(B
 .
-This greatly eases the usage of roff.
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$K$h$C$F!"(Broff $B$N;H$$>!<j$,3JCJ$KNI$/$J$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-The macro definitions of a package are kept in a file called
+$B%Q%C%1!<%8$N%^%/%mDj5A$O!"(B
 .IB name .tmac
-(classically
+($B$^$?$O(B
 .BI tmac. name\c
-).
+) $B$H8F$P$l$k%U%!%$%k$KJ]4I$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-All tmac files are stored in one or more directories at standardized
-positions.
+$B$9$Y$F$N(B tmac $B%U%!%$%k$O!"(B
+1 $B$D$^$?$O$=$l0J>e$N%G%#%l%/%H%jCf$NI8=`$N>l=j$KJ]4I$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-Details on the naming of macro packages and their placement is found
-in
-.BR groff_tmac (@MAN5EXT@).
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$NL?L>$*$h$S$=$NCV$->l=j$K$D$$$F$N0lHLE*$J>\:Y$O(B
+.BR groff_tmac (5)
+$B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-A macro package that is to be used in a document can be announced to
-the formatter by the command line option
-.ShortOpt m ,
-see
-.BR troff (@MAN1EXT@),
-or it can be specified within a document using the file inclusion
-requests of the roff language, see
-.BR groff (@MAN7EXT@).
+$BJ8=q$,;HMQ$9$k%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$O!"(B
+.BR troff (1)
+$B$K$"$k$h$&$K%U%)!<%^%C%?$N%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%*%W%7%g%s(B
+.ShortOpt m
+$B$G@k8@$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9$7!"(B
+.BR groff (7)
+$B$K$"$k$h$&$KJ8=qCf$G(B roff $B8@8l$N%U%!%$%k%$%s%/%k!<%I%j%/%(%9%H$G(B
+$B;XDj2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-Famous classical macro packages are
+$BM-L>$J8EE5E*%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$H$7$F$O!"E57?E*$J%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8MQ$N(B
 .I man
-for traditional man pages,
+$B$d!"(BBSD $B%9%?%$%k$N%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8MQ$N(B
 .I mdoc
-for BSD-style manual pages;
-the macro sets for books, articles, and letters are
+$B$d!"=q@R!&5-;v!&<j;fMQ$N(B
 .I me
-(probably from the first name of its creator
+($B$*$=$i$/!":n@.<T(B
 .I Eric
-Allman),
-.I ms
-(from
-.IR "Manuscript Macros\/" ),
-and
+Allman $B$N%U%!!<%9%H%M!<%`$+$iMh$F$$$^$9(B) $B$d!"(B
+.I ms 
+.RI ( "Manuscript Macros"
+$B$+$iMh$F$$$^$9(B) $B$d(B
 .I mm
-(from
-.IR "Memorandum Macros\/" ).
+.RI ( "Memorandum Macros"
+$B$+$iMh$F$$$^$9(B) $B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "The roff Formatting Language"
+.SS "roff $B%U%)!<%^%C%H8@8l(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-The classical roff formatting language is documented in the
+$B8EE5E*$J(B roff $B%U%)!<%^%H8@8l$O(B
 .I Troff User's Manual
-.IR "[CSTR\~#54]" .
+.IR "[CSTR\~#54]"
+$B$K5-=R$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-The roff language is a full programming language providing requests,
-definition of macros, escape sequences, string variables, number or
-size registers, and flow controls.
+roff $B8@8l$O%j%/%(%9%H!"%^%/%mDj5A!"%(%9%1!<%W%7!<%1%s%9!"(B
+$BJ8;zNsJQ?t!"?tCM%l%8%9%?$^$?$O%5%$%:%l%8%9%?!"$=$7$F(B
+$B@)8f9=B$$rDs6!$9$k40A4$J%W%m%0%i%_%s%08@8l$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-.I Requests
-are the predefined basic formatting commands similar to the commands
-at the shell prompt.
+.I $B%j%/%(%9%H(B
+$B$O!"%7%'%k%W%m%s%W%H$K$*$1$k%3%^%s%I$N$h$&$J!"(B
+$BDj5A$5$l$?4pK\E*$J%U%)!<%^%C%HMQ%3%^%s%I$G$9!#(B
 .
-The user can define request-like elements using predefined roff
-elements.
+$B%f!<%6$O!"Dj5A:Q$N(B roff $BMWAG$r;HMQ$7$F!"(B
+$B%j%/%(%9%H$N$h$&$JMWAG$rDj5A2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
-These are then called
-.IR macros .
+$B$3$l$i$O!"(B
+.I $B%^%/%m(B
+$B$H8F$P$l$^$9!#(B
 .
-A document writer will not note any difference in usage for requests
-or macros; both are written on a line on their own starting with a dot.
+$BJ8=q$NCx<T$O!"%j%/%(%9%H$H%^%/%m$r;H$&:]$N0c$$$K(B
+$B5$$E$/$3$H$O$J$$$G$7$g$&!#$I$A$i$b%I%C%H(B
+$B;O$^$j$NC1FH9T$G5-=R$5$l$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-.I Escape sequences
-are roff elements starting with a backslash
-.QuotedChar \[rs] .
-They can be inserted anywhere, also in the midst of text in a line.
+.I $B%(%9%1!<%W%7!<%1%s%9(B
+$B$O!"(Broff $B$NMWAG$G$"$j!"%P%C%/%9%i%C%7%e(B
+.QuotedChar \[rs]
+$B$G;O$^$j$^$9!#(B
+$B$I$3$K$G$bA^F~$9$k$3$H$,$G$-!"(B
+$B$=$l$O9T$N%F%-%9%H$N$^$s$J$+$G$"$C$F$b9=$$$^$;$s!#(B
 .
-They are used to implement various features, including the insertion of
-non-ASCII characters with
-.Esc ( ,
-font changes with
-.Esc f ,
-in-line comments with
-.Esc \[dq] ,
-the escaping of special control characters like
-.Esc \[rs] ,
-and many other features.
+$B$3$l$i$O$5$^$6$^$J5!G=$r<BAu$9$k$N$K(B
+$B;H$o$l$^$9!#(B
+$B$=$l$K$O!"(B
+.Esc (
+$B$rMQ$$$?Hs(B ASCII $BJ8;z$NA^F~!"(B
+.Esc f
+$B$rMQ$$$?%U%)%s%H$NJQ99!"(B
+.Esc \[dq]
+$B$rMQ$$$?J8Cf$N%3%a%s%H!"(B
+.Esc \[rs]
+$B$N$h$&$JFC<l$J@)8fJ8;z$N%(%9%1!<%W!"(B
+$B$=$NB>B?$/$N5!G=$,4^$^$l$^$9(B
 .
 .P
-.I Strings
-are variables that can store a string.
+.I $BJ8;zNs(B
+$B$OJ8;zNs$r3JG<2DG=$JJQ?t$G$9!#(B
 .
-A string is stored by the
+$BJ8;zNs$O!"(B
 .B .ds
-request.
+$B%j%/%(%9%H$G3JG<2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
-The stored string can be retrieved later by the
+$B3JG<$5$l$?J8;zNs$O!"8e$G(B
 .B \[rs]*
-escape sequence.
+$B%(%9%1!<%W%7!<%1%s%9$r;HMQ$9$k$3$H$G<h$j=P$;$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-.I Registers
-store numbers and sizes.
+.I $B%l%8%9%?(B
+$B$O?tCM$d%5%$%:$r3JG<$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-A register can be set with the request
+$B%l%8%9%?$O!"(B
 .B .nr
-and its value can be retrieved by the escape sequence
-.BR "\[rs]n" .
+$B%j%/%(%9%H$G@_Dj2DG=$G$"$j!"$=$NCM$O(B
+.BR "\[rs]n"
+$B%(%9%1!<%W%7!<%1%s%9$G<h$j=P$;$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "FILE NAME EXTENSIONS"
+.SH "$B%U%!%$%kL>$N3HD%;R(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Manual pages (man pages) take the section number as a file name
-extension, e.g., the filename for this document is
-.IR roff.7 ,
-i.e., it is kept in section\~7
-of the man pages.
+$B%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8(B (man $B%Z!<%8(B) $B$O%U%!%$%kL>$N3HD%;R$H$7$F(B
+$B%;%/%7%g%sHV9f$r$H$j$^$9!#Nc$($P!"$3$NJ8=q$N%U%!%$%kL>$O(B
+.IR roff.7
+$B$G$9!#$D$^$j!"$3$NJ8=q$O%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8$N(B
+$B%;%/%7%g%s(B 7
 .
 .P
-The classical macro packages take the package name as an extension, e.g.
-.IB file. me
-for a document using the
+$B8EE5E*$J%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$O!"%Q%C%1!<%8L>$r3HD%;R$K$H$j$^$9!#(B
 .I me
-macro package,
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$r;H$C$?J8=q$O(B
+.IB file. me
+$B$H$J$j!"(B
+.IR mm
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$KBP$7$F$O(B
 .IB file. mm
-for
-.IR mm ,
+$B!"(B
+.IR ms
+$B%^%/%m%Q%C%1!<%8$KBP$7$F$O(B
 .IB file. ms
-for
-.IR ms ,
-.IB file. pic
-for
+$B!"(B
 .I pic
-files,
-etc.
+$B%U%!%$%k$KBP$7$F$O(B
+.IB file. pic
+$B$H$$$C$?6q9g$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-But there is no general naming scheme for roff documents, though
+roff $BJ8=q$N0lHLE*$JL?L>J}<0$O$"$j$^$;$s$,!";~!9(B
+.I troff $B%U%!%$%k(B
+$BMQ$K(B
 .IB file. tr
-for
-.I troff file
-is seen now and then.
+$B$,;H$o$l$F$$$k$N$,8+<u$1$i$l$^$9!#(B
 .
-Maybe there should be a standardization for the filename extensions of
-roff files.
+roff $B%U%!%$%kMQ$KI8=`$N%U%!%$%kL>3HD%;R$,I,MW$J$N$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .P
-File name extensions can be very handy in conjunction with the
+$B%U%!%$%kL>3HD%;R$O!"(B
 .BR less (1)
-pager.
+$B%Z!<%8%c$HAH$_9g$o$;$k$H!"Hs>o$KJXMx$J$3$H$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-It provides the possibility to feed all input into a command-line pipe
-that is specified in the shell environment variable
-.BR LESSOPEN .
-This process is not well documented, so here an example:
+$B$3$l$K$h$j!"%7%'%k4D6-JQ?t$G;XDj$5$l$k%3%^%s%I%i%$%s%Q%$%W(B
+.BR LESSOPEN
+$B$X$9$Y$F$NF~NO$rM?$($k$3$H$,2DG=$H$J$j$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$N=hM}$O$&$^$/=q$1$^$;$s$N$G!"Nc$r=q$$$F$*$-$^$9(B:
 .
 .CodeSkip
 .ShellCommand LESSOPEN='|lesspipe %s'
 .CodeSkip
 .
-where
+$B$3$3$G(B
 .B lesspipe
-is either a system supplied command or a shell script of your own.
+$B$O!"%7%9%F%`$,Ds6!$9$k%3%^%s%I$d$"$J$?$,=q$$$?%7%'%k%9%/%j%W%H$G$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "EDITING ROFF"
+.SH "ROFF $B$NJT=8(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-The best program for editing a roff document is Emacs (or Xemacs), see
-.BR emacs (1).
-It provides an
+roff $BJ8=q$rJT=8$9$k$?$a$N:GNI$N%W%m%0%i%`$O(B Emacs ($B$^$?$O(B Xemacs) $B$G$9!#(B
+.BR emacs (1)
+$B$r;2>H$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
+$B$3$l$O!"$"$i$f$k(B roff $BJ}8@$KE,$7$?(B
 .I nroff
-mode that is suitable for all kinds of roff dialects.
+$B%b!<%I$rDs6!$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-This mode can be activated by the following methods.
+$B$3$N%b!<%I$O!"<!$NJ}K!$GM-8z$K$G$-$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-When editing a file within Emacs the mode can be changed by typing
-.RI ` "M-x nroff-mode" ',
-where
+Emacs $B$G%U%!%$%k$rJT=8$7$F$$$k$H$-$K$O!"(B
+.RI ` "M-x nroff-mode" '
+$B$H%?%$%W$9$k$3$H$G%b!<%I$rJQ$($i$l$^$9!#(B
+$B$3$3$G!"(B
 .B M-x
-means to hold down the
+$B$O(B
 .B Meta
-key (or
+$B%-!<(B ($B$^$?$O(B
 .BR Alt )
-and hitting the
-.BR x\~ key
-at the same time.
+$B$r2!$7$?$^$^$GF1;~$K(B
+.BR x
+$B%-!<$r2!$9$3$H$r0UL#$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-But it is also possible to have the mode automatically selected when
-the file is loaded into the editor.
+$B%U%!%$%k$r%(%G%#%?$K%m!<%I$7$?$H$-$K<+F0E*$K%b!<%I$rA*Br$9$k$h$&$K$9$k(B
+$B$3$H$b2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-The most general method is to include the following 3 comment lines at
-the end of the file.
+$B$b$C$H$b0lHLE*$JJ}K!$O!"<!$N(B 3 $B8D$N%3%a%s%H9T$r!"%U%!%$%k$N:G8e$K(B
+$B4^$a$k$3$H$G$9!#(B
 .
 .CodeSkip
 .nf
@@ -1001,56 +1025,53 @@
 .fi
 .
 .Topic
-There is a set of file name extensions, e.g. the man pages that
-trigger the automatic activation of the nroff mode.
+$BNc$($P(B man $B%Z!<%8$N$h$&$J!"$"$k%U%!%$%kL>3HD%;R$N=89g$O!"(B
+nroff $B%b!<%I$r<+F0E*$KM-8z$K$7$^$9!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-Theoretically, it is possible to write the sequence
+$BM}O@>e$O!"%U%!%$%k$N:G=i$N9T$H$7$F(B
 .CodeSkip
 .B \*[Comment] \%-*-\ nroff\ -*-
 .CodeSkip
-as the first line of a file to have it started in nroff mode when
-loaded.
+$B$r=q$$$F$*$/$3$H$G!"%m!<%I;~$K(B nroff $B%b!<%I$r3+;O2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
-Unfortunately, some applications such as the
+$BIT9,$J$3$H$K!"$3$l$G:.Mp$7$F$7$^$&(B
 .B man
-program are confused by this; so this is deprecated.
+$B%W%m%0%i%`$N$h$&$J%"%W%j%1!<%7%g%s$,$"$j$^$9$N$G!"(B
+$B$3$NJ}K!$O2ACM$,Dc2<$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-All roff formatters provide automated line breaks and horizontal and
-vertical spacing.
+$B$9$Y$F$N(B roff $B@07A4o$O!"<+F02=$5$l$?2~9T$H?eJ?$*$h$S?bD>$N4V3VD4@0$r(B
+$BDs6!$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-In order to not disturb this, the following tips can be helpful.
+$B$3$l$r<YKb$7$J$$$h$&$K$9$k$K$O!"<!$N$3$D$,LrN)$D$G$7$g$&!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-Never include empty or blank lines in a roff document.
+roff $BJ8=q$K!"6u$N9T$d6u9T$rF~$l$J$$$G$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
-Instead, use the empty request (a line consisting of a dot only) or a
-line comment
+$B9=B$E*$JMWAG$,I,MW$J>l9g$K$O!"Be$j$K!"(B
+$B6u$N%j%/%(%9%H(B ($B%I%C%H$N$_$+$i$J$k9T(B) $B$d!"9T%3%a%s%H(B
 .B \*[Comment]
-if a structuring element is needed.
+$B$r;H$C$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-Never start a line with whitespace because this can lead to
-unexpected behavior.
+$BM=4|$;$LF0:n$K$J$k$N$G!"9T$r6uGr$G3+;O$7$J$$$G$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
-Indented paragraphs can be constructed in a controlled way by roff
-requests.
+$B%$%s%G%s%H$5$l$?CJMn$O!"(Broff $B%j%/%(%9%H$G@)8f$5$l$?J}K!$G9=C[2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-Start each sentence on a line of its own, for the spacing after a dot
-is handled differently depending on whether it terminates an
-abbreviation or a sentence.
+$B3FJ8$r$=$l<+?H$NFHN)$7$?9T$G3+;O$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F!"(B
+$B%I%C%H$,N,8l$r=*C<$9$k$N$+J8$r=*C<$9$k$N$+$K$h$C$F!"(B
+$B%I%C%H$N8e$N6u4V$rD4@0$7$^$9!#(B
 .
-To distinguish both cases, do a line break after each sentence.
+$BN><T$r6hJL$9$k$?$a$K!"3FJ8$N8e$G!"2~9T$7$F$/$@$5$$!#(B
 .
 .Topic
-To additionally use the auto-fill mode in Emacs, it is best to insert
-an empty roff request (a line consisting of a dot only) after each
-sentence.
+$B99$K!"(BEmacs $B$G%*!<%H%U%#%k%b!<%I$r;HMQ$9$k$K$O!"3FJ8$N8e$K!"(B
+$B6u$N(B roff $B%j%/%(%9%H(B ($B%I%C%H$N$_$N9T(B) $B$rF~$l$k$N$,:GNI$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-The following example shows how optimal roff editing could look.
+$B<!$NNc$O!":GE,$J(B roff $BJT=8$,$I$N$h$&$K8+$($k$+$r<($7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .IP
 .nf
@@ -1068,108 +1089,107 @@
 .fi
 .
 .P
-Besides Emacs, some other editors provide nroff style files too, e.g.\&
-.BR vim (1),
-an extension of the
+Emacs $B0J30$K$b!"(Bnroff $B%9%?%$%k%U%!%$%k$rDs6!$9$k$b$N$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+$BNc$($P!"(B
 .BR vi (1)
-program.
+$B$N3HD%$G$"$k(B
+.BR vim (1)
+$B$,$=$&$G$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH BUGS
+.SH $B%P%0(B
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 .I UNIX\[rg]
-is a registered trademark of the Open Group.
+$B$O!"(BOpen Group $B$NEPO?>&I8$G$9!#(B
 .
-But things have improved considerably after Caldera had bought SCO
-UNIX in 2001.
+Caldera $B$,(B SCO UNIX $B$r(B 2001 $BG/$KGc<}$7$F0JMh!";vBV$O$:$$$V$sNI$/(B
+$B$J$j$^$7$?!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.SH "$B4XO"9`L\(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-There is a lot of documentation on roff.
+roff $B4XO"$NJ8=q$OBt;3$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
-The original papers on classical troff are still available, and all
-aspects of groff are documented in great detail.
+$B8EE5E*$J(B troff $B$K4X$9$k%*%j%8%J%k$NO@J8$O!"$^$@F~<j2DG=$G$"$j!"(B
+groff $B$N$9$Y$F$NB&LL$K$D$$$FHs>o$K:Y$+$$$3$H$^$G5-=R$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Internet sites"
+.SS "$B%$%s%?!<%M%C%H%5%$%H(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 .TP
 troff.org
 .URL http://\:www.troff.org "The historical troff site"
-provides an overview and pointers to all historical aspects of roff.
+$B$K$O!"(Broff $B$N$9$Y$F$NNr;KE*$JB&LL$K4X$9$k35MW$H%]%$%s%?$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 Multics
 .URL http://\:www.multicians.org "The Multics site"
-contains a lot of information on the MIT projects, CTSS, Multics,
-early Unix, including
-.IR  runoff ;
-especially useful are a glossary and the many links to ancient
-documents.
+$B$K$O!"(BMIT $B%W%m%8%'%/%H!"(BCTSS $B$d(B Multics $B$d=i4|$N(B Unix $B$d(B
+.IR  runoff
+$B$NB?$/$N>pJs$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+$BMQ8l2r@b$d8EBeJ8=q$X$NB?$/$N%j%s%/$,!"FC$KM-MQ$G$7$g$&!#(B
 .
 .TP
 Unix Archive
 .URL http://\:www.tuhs.org/\:Archive/ \
      "The Ancient Unixes Archive"
 .
-provides the source code and some binaries of the ancient Unixes
-(including the source code of troff and its documentation) that were
-made public by Caldera since 2001, e.g. of the famous Unix version\~7
-for PDP-11 at the
+$B$K$O!"(BCaldera $B$,(B 2001 $BG/0JMh%Q%V%j%C%/$K$7$?8EBe(B Unix $B$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$d(B
+$B%P%$%J%j(B (troff $B$N%=!<%9%3!<%I$H$=$NJ8=q$r4^$`(B) $B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
+$BNc$($P!"CxL>$J(B Unix version\~7 for PDP-11 $B$O(B
 .URL http://\:www.tuhs.org/\:Archive/\:PDP-11/\:Trees/\:V7 \
-     "Unix V7 site" .
+     "Unix V7 site"
+$B$K$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 Developers at AT&T Bell Labs
 .URL http://\:cm.bell-labs.com/\:cm/\:index.html \
      "Bell Labs Computing and Mathematical Sciences Research"
 .
-provides a search facility for tracking information on the early
-developers.
+$B$K$O!"=i4|$N3+H/<T$N>pJs$rDI@W$9$k$?$a$N!"8!:w5!G=$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
-Plan 9
+AT&T Bell Labs $B$K$h$k(B Plan 9
 .URL http://\:plan9.bell-labs.com "The Plan\~9 operating system"
 .
-by AT&T Bell Labs.
+$B$G$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 runoff
 .URL http://web.mit.edu/\:Saltzer/\:www/\:publications/\:pubs.html \
 "Jerry Saltzer's home page"
 .
-stores some documents using the ancient runoff formatting language.
+$B$K$O!"8EBe$N(B runoff $B@07A8@8l$r;HMQ$7$?J8=q$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
-CSTR Papers
+CSTR $B$NO@J8(B
 .URL http://\:cm.bell-labs.com/\:cm/\:cs/\:cstr.html \
      "The Bell Labs CSTR site"
 .
-stores the original troff manuals (CSTR #54, #97, #114, #116, #122)
-and famous historical documents on programming.
+$B$K$O!"%*%j%8%J%k$N(B troff $B%^%K%e%"%k(B (CSTR #54, #97, #114, #116, #122)
+$B$HM-L>$JNr;KE*$J%W%m%0%i%_%s%0J8=q$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 GNU roff
 .URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:software/\:groff "The groff web site"
-provides the free roff implementation groff, the actual standard roff.
+$B$K$O!"<B:]$NI8=`(B roff $B$G$"$k!"%U%j!<(B roff $B<BAu$N(B groff $B$,$"$j$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Historical roff Documentation"
+.SS "$BNr;KE*$J(B roff $BJ8=q(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Many classical
+$BB?$/$N8EE5E*$J(B
 .troff
-documents are still available on-line.
+$BJ8=q$,!"$^$@%*%s%i%$%s$GF~<j2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
-The two main manuals of the troff language are
+troff $B8@8l$N<gMW$J(B 2 $B:}$N%^%K%e%"%k$O<!$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 [CSTR\~#54]
@@ -1189,7 +1209,7 @@
 Bell Labs, 1981, revised March 1982.
 .
 .P
-The "little language" roff papers are
+$B!V>.8@8l!W$N(B roff $BO@J8$O<!$NDL$j$G$9!#(B
 .
 .TP
 [CSTR\~#114]
@@ -1218,51 +1238,51 @@
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SS "Manual Pages"
+.SS "$B%^%K%e%"%k%Z!<%8(B"
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
-Due to its complex structure, a full roff system has many man pages,
-each describing a single aspect of roff.
+$B9=B$$,J#;($G$"$k$?$a!"40A4$J(B roff $B%7%9%F%`$K$O!"J#?t$N(B man $B%Z!<%8$,(B
+$B4^$^$l!"$=$l$>$l$,(B roff $B$N$"$k$R$H$D$NB&LL$r5-=R$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-Unfortunately, there is no general naming scheme for the
-documentation among the different roff implementations.
+$BIT9,$J$3$H$K!"0[$J$C$?(B roff $B<BAu4V$G$b0lHLE*$H$J$k!"(B
+$BJ8=q$NL?L>J}K!$O$"$j$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .P
-In
-.IR groff ,
-the man page
-.BR groff (@MAN1EXT@)
-contains a survey of all documentation available in groff.
+.IR groff
+$B$G$O!"(Bman $B%Z!<%8(B
+.BR groff 1
+$B$K!"(Bgroff $B$GMxMQ2DG=$J$9$Y$F$NJ8=q$N354Q$,4^$^$l$^$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-On other systems, you are on your own, but
+$BB>$N%7%9%F%`$G$O!"$*$^$+$;$7$^$9$,!"(B
 .BR troff (1)
-might be a good starting point.
+$B$+$i;O$a$k$HNI$$$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
-.SH AUTHORS
+.SH $B:n<T(B
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
 .
 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 .
 .P
-This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free
-Documentation License) version 1.1 or later.
+$B$3$NJ8=q$O(B FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) $B%P!<%8%g%s(B 1.1
+$B0J9_$N>r9`$N$b$H$KG[I[$5$l$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
-You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also
-available on-line at the
-.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft/\:fdl.html "GNU copyleft site" .
+FDL $B$N%3%T!<$r%7%9%F%`>e$K;}$C$F$$$k$O$:$G$9!#(B
+$B$^$?!"$3$l$O%*%s%i%$%s(B
+.URL http://\:www.gnu.org/\:copyleft/\:fdl.html "GNU copyleft site"
+$B$G$bF~<j2DG=$G$9!#(B
 .
 .P
-This document is part of
-.IR groff ,
-the GNU roff distribution.
+$B$3$N%I%-%e%a%s%H$O(B
+.IR groff
+$B$9$J$o$A(B GNU roff $BG[I[J*$N0lIt$G$9!#(B
 .
-It was written by
-.MTO bwarken@mayn.de "Bernd Warken" ;
-it is maintained by
-.MTO wl@gnu.org "Werner Lemberg".
+.MTO bwarken@mayn.de "Bernd Warken"
+$B$,=q$-!"(B
+.MTO wl@gnu.org "Werner Lemberg"
+$B$,4IM}$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
 .
 .
 .\" --------------------------------------------------------------------
--
$BKY@nOBM:(B
